The cells involved in ongoing bone remodeling/repair have surface mechanoreceptors, receptors that activate in response to mechanical deformation triggering osteoblastic bone formation and reducing inflammation thus reducing ongoing bone loss.  Exercise, whole body vibration, ultrasound, and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) have been shown to improve BMD 2-4% after 1 year.  The gains with laser therapy and PEMF are much greater, reaching 10-15% and 15-25% respectively.

Question: What was the patient’s outcome?