Online Continuing Education Courses

Mechanisms of Analgesia in Dry Needling

• Review the 2 major afferent pain pathways
• Discuss the local, segmental and cortical responses to pain and a painful stimulus
• Describe the major, descending inhibitory pathways for pain including the enkephalinergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways
• Describe the cholinergic inhibitory pathway for pain
• Explain how acupuncture affect these pain pathways