Kentucky Chiropractic Continuing Education

• Explain the concept of whole-being care and its relationship to chiropractic philosophy, emphasizing the integration of physical, mental, and spiritual health.
• Describe the role of spinal alignment in optimizing nervous system function and its downstream effects on overall health outcomes, including stress resilience, sleep quality, and immune function.
• Identify evidence-based strategies for patient education that move beyond symptom management to long-term health empowerment.
• Interpret key research findings linking chiropractic interventions with measurable health benefits, such as reduced surgery rates and improved neuroplasticity.
• Apply lifestyle and care recommendations—including sleep hygiene, movement, nourishment, stress management, and growth mindset—to enhance patient engagement and clinical outcomes.

• Explain the phases of human walking gait
• Discuss the biomechanical events associated with stance phase of gait
• Discuss the biomechanical events associated with swing phase of gait
• Explain biomechanically what is happening during each phase of gait in the foot, ankle, knee and hip
• Discuss the 3 rockers of the foot and how they apply to the gait cycle
• Understand the calcaneocuboid locking mechanism and defend it's importance in the stance phase of gait
• Summarize the ranges of motion of the foot, ankle, knee and hip and their importance in normal gait
• Explain how stance phase abnormalities would impact the gait cycle
• Demonstrate competency in obtaining a reproducible Pedograph print
• Interpret rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot mechanics as seen on a pedograph print
• Identify and interpret problem areas in a pedograph print
• Identify stance phase abnormalities on a Pedograph print
• Extrapolate pathomechanics which would occur rostrally in the kinetic chain during pathomechanics occurring in the gait cycle
• Evaluate the impact of gait abnormalities on human locomotion

• Describe how the motor and sensory homunculus relate to the foot and are integral to training and rehabilitation
• Discuss the 3 rockers of the foot
• Give examples of problems that result from a loss of the 3 rockers of the foot
• Explain the concept of pelvis neutrality and its effect on training
• Describe and examine the tripod of the foot
• Breakdown most movement into 2 basic rules or tenets
• Give examples of the problems which can arise if the 2 basic rules or tenets of movement are not followed
• Discuss the clinical consequences of loss of the medial and lateral tripods of the foot

• Discuss the normal walking gait cycle
• Apply the biomechanics of the pelvis and lower kinetic chain during walking to clinical practice
• Predict and discuss problems and clinical strategies that can arise from altered lower extremity biomechanics
• Apply visual analysis skills
• Evaluate case studies in gait analysis
• Clinically apply solutions for gait abnormalities

• Describe and identify how the parts of a running shoe affect running biomechanics
• Compare and contrast different shoe constructions to the biomechanical needs of an individual
• Determine the appropriate last shape for different foot types
• Discuss the biomechanical consequences of improper vs. proper selection of last types
• Predict which features in a shoe are necessary to correct faulty gait patterns

• Explore barefoot running from a position of biomechanical efficiency
• Contrast the differences in shod vs unshod running
• Predict problems that can arise from shod and barefoot running
• Apply visual analysis skills to barefoot running technique
• Describe how to introduce barefoot running to your patient population

• Discuss the salient points of conducting a visual gait analysis
• Review the gait cycle and associated kinetics and kinematics
• Discuss step length, stride length and how they are affected in a case of a person with posterior compartment weakness
• Review the biomechanics associated with heel rise
• Propose rehabilitation strategies for specific cases that were reviewed

• Discuss the pitfall of video assessment of gait cases
• Review the gait cycle with respect to stance phase abnormalities in a gait case
• Differentiate between step length and stride length
• Review heel rise and the windlass mechanism
• Discuss the function of the long flexors of the toes in gait
• Evaluate pelvic posturing as it relate to a gait case
• Discuss the gait pathomechanics that result from a herniated disc

• Review the pertinent anatomy of the knee
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of knee function during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies involving knee function
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from the gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• Review the pertinent anatomy of the hip
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of hip function during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies involving hip function and common clinical scenarios
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from the gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• Review the walking gait cycle
• Review the running gait cycle
• Identify the key differences between walking and running gait
• Review the kinematics and kinetic differences between walking and running gait
• View case studies involving different walking and running gait styles
• Predict pathomechanics that may arise from gait abnormalities presented

• Review anatomical vs functional short leg
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of the short leg during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies looking at functional and anatomical short legs
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from a short leg
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• Review fore foot to rearfoot relationships
• Review the different rear foot types
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of rear foot function during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies involving different rear foot types
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• Breakdown the gait cycle into its component parts
• Recognize some less common gait abnormalities seen in gait analysis
• Assess actions of the lower kinetic chain during gait
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from gait abnormalities presented

• Review how to determine foot type
• Describe and identify the five common foot types
• Explain how foot type effects gait biomechanics
• Compare and contrast different clinical examples of each foot type
• Discuss some treatments that can be utilized when a client presents with a particular foot type

• Briefly describe the history of the pedograph
• Compare pedographs with other technologies available for foot imprinting
• Explain how to obtain a reproducible pedograph
• Discuss pedograph interpretation and what it means clinically

• Review the pertinent anatomy of the foot
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of foot function during the gait cycle
• View and discuss case studies involving foot function and common pathomechanics
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from the gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies for the gait abnormalities seen

• Define the crossover gait
• Visually identify the crossover gait
• Explain the biomechanical elements of the crossover gait
• Analyze the cross over gait
• Give examples of the cross over gait
• Integrate your knowledge of the cross over gait to formulate an appropriate treatment plan
• Outline some common exercises for cross over gait remediation

• Examine how arm swing correlates and integrates with the gait cycle
• Visually identify arm swing
• Explain the biomechanical elements of arm swing
• Analyze arm swing
• Give examples of normal and abnormal arm swing
• Integrate your knowledge of arm swing to formulate an appropriate treatment plan

• Define minimal vs. neutral vs. guidance vs. motion control shoes
• Contrast minimal vs. neutral vs. guidance vs. motion control shoes
• Discuss current shoe trends
• Discuss ramp delta and its implications in shoes and shoe fit

• Review the injuries associated with an improperly fitting bike frame and how to properly size a frame to a person
• Discuss how cleat position can lead to biomechanical problems and injuries related to power loss.
• Demonstrate how to properly place cleats on shoes to avoid injury and increase power transfer
• Discuss injuries that stem from inappropriate seat height, saddle for and aft position and handlebar reach and explain how to determine appropriate seat height, fore and aft saddle position and handlebar reach.

• Review static postural foot assessment as it relates to a case study
• Describe muscular compensations that may occur as the result leg length differences
• Compare muscular action vectors and their changes with aberrant foot mechanics
• Discuss the concept of flexor dominance and how it relates to the long flexors of the toes

• Discuss the gait cycle and gait cycle biomechanics
• Discuss Tetrasomy 18 and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy etiologies
• Discuss Tetrasomy 18 and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy gait abnormalities
• Propose rehabilitation strategies for abnormalities commonly seen in many neurological disorders

• Review the anatomical and functional causes of  leg length discrepancies
• Review the kinematics and kinetics of leg length discrepancies during the gait cycle.
• View and discuss several new case studies looking at anatomical leg length discrepancies and the impact of compensations to accommodate the fixed changes. 
• Discuss examination procedures to facilitate understanding of the pathomechanics resulting from a leg length discrepancy. 
• Propose intrinsic and extrinsic remedies for the gait abnormalities seen.

• Provide an overview of orthotic therapy
• Review orthotic casting processes and contrast differences and potential pitfalls in them
• Discuss common problems arising from orthotic prescription (blisters, pain during use, pressure spots, etc)
• Propose mechanisms for why problems occur biomechanically
• Present remedies for common problems that arise

• Discuss retraining CNS sensory and motor patterns
• Present several key concepts in visual gait analysis
• Introduce lesser known anatomical points of interest in the sacroiliac joint
• Discuss some rehabilitation strategies for the sacroiliac joint

• Discuss the ideal kinetics and kinematics of the walking gait cycle
• Present the normal lower extremity parameters/ontogeny surrounding the requisites for gait
• Explore the impact of lower extremity torsions on foot progression angle
• Highlight the differences between tibial and femoral leg length discrepancies
• View video examples of different aspects of gait

• Review the mechanics of the bridge exercise
• Discuss the current indexed literature surrounding the bridge exercise
• Describe potential pitfalls in performing and prescribing the bridge exercise
• Point out the differences of maintaining a "neutral spine" versus an increased or decreased lumbar lordosis
• Identify potential ways to correct faulty mechanics and optimize performance of the bridge exercise

• describe a new, novel test to diagnose gluteus medius tears
• explain the various functions of the gluteus maximus and medius
• explore the effects of a resistance band around the knees on the gluteus maximus, quadricep and valgus angles on the knees during a back barbell squat
• contrast gluteus medius resistance and rehabilitation exercises with respect to maximal recruitment
• discuss electromyographic activity in the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and rectus femoris during the Monopodal Squat, Forward Lunge and Lateral Step-Up exercises.

• Review ideal walking gait biomechanics
• Discuss the current indexed literature surrounding sandals and open back footwear relative to musculoskeletal symptoms
• Describe pathomechanics associated with wearing flip flops and open back footwear
• Contrast the ideal gait cycle with the gait cycle while wearing flip flops, sandals and open back footwear
• Identify potential ways to correct faulty mechanics associated with wearing open back footwear

• Review ideal walking gait biomechanics
• Discuss the indexed literature surrounding movement patterns, gait remodeling and therapeutic uses of a split treadmill
• Rehab gait movement patterns
• Develop a deeper understanding of arm swing, leg swing, and interlimb timing and coordination.

• Identify ideal walking gait biomechanics
• Discuss the indexed literature surrounding movement patterns, gait impairments and compensations.
• Analyze arm swing, leg swing, and interlimb timing and coordination.
• Interpret local foot biomechanics and compensations.

• Review the gait cycle and gait cycle biomechanics
• View and discuss case studies of gait pathologies
• Assess actions of the lower kinetic chain during gait
• Predict pathomechanics that will arise from gait abnormalities presented
• Propose remedies and rehabilitation strategies for the gait abnormalities seen

Hour 1

• Identify some common gait abnormalities seen in gait analysis and develop mental strategies in evaluating the 3 cardinal planes of motion and potential failures in the loading of these planes.
• Categorize the Fast and Slow phases of an imbalance asymmetrical gait and define rehabilitation strategies to remedy the gait pathology.
• Develop a conceptual overview of how step length and stride length change in a limping gait.
• Breakdown portions of the gait cycle into its component parts, including compensation patterns
• Conceptualize the gait changes oriented around a hallux (great toe) amputation and learn to predict gait compensations off of a fixed anatomic anomaly.
• Describe arm swing and how it plays out in gait, particularly asymmetrical, and develop some treatment concepts in addressing this asymmetry.

Hour 2

• Discuss the critical function of the deep neck flexors and transverse abdominus, and how they related to gait, especially the running athlete.
• Identify the 3 compartments of the thoracolumbar fascia and translate them into gait concepts and treatment concepts.
• Develop treatment concepts in addressing this asymmetry and define in-phase and out-of-phase arm and leg swing assimilation
• Discuss on a surface level the concepts of speed in gait, and how to adjust the speed of one's gait to break down gait components that might lead to better treatment directions.
• Describe central pattern generators and relate to arm swing on a neurologic level.
• Recognize some common gait abnormalities seen in gait analysis such as arm swing, step length, the cross over gait, and develop mental strategies in evaluating the 3 cardinal planes of motion and potential failures in the loading of these planes when it comes to these gait parameters.

• Present the etiology of blister and callus formation
• Review the gait cycle and the biomechanical events relevant to callus formation
• Review pronation and supination motions of the foot and how they relate to low and high gear push off
• Review the 3 rockers and how they can relate to callus formation
• Discuss the more common callus patterns in feet
• Describe the foot pathomechanics that lead to callus formation

• Discuss the anatomy of the tibialis posterior muscle
• Emphasize the importance of blood supply and the presence of watershed areas leading to tendon pathoanatomy
• Present the biomechanics associated with this muscles normal activity vs dysfunction
• Show clinical examples of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
• Discuss orthotic intervention and exercises that are useful in remediation of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction

• Review the pertinent anatomy of the achilles tendon and adjacent structures
• Discuss watershed zones of microvascualrity and how they can be compromised 
• Discuss the mechanisms of how many achilles tendinopathies and pathologies occur
• Present some methods of treatment and remediation for achilles tendinopathies

• Discuss actual cases of problems remediated by orthotic therapy
• Discuss the pathomechanics of the problem and kinetics/ kinematics of the remediation
• Show orthotic modifications for specific issues
• Demonstrate additional therapies/exercises/modalities that assist in specific problem management

• Present the 5 basic foot types
• Discuss the biomechanics of each foot type
• Show and explain pedograph prints of each foot type
• Contrast and compare traditional vs a novel method of foot type determination
• Talk about common orthotic prescriptions for specific foot types

• Describe the biomechanics of rotation of a thoracic ring at the levels T1-T7.
• Describe the biomechanics of the Cervical spine, Thoracic spine, ribs, clavicle and manubrium with elevation of the right or left shoulder.
• Describe the biomechanics of flexion and extension at the Costotransverse joint at T9.
• Describe the differences in motion of the mobile segments between T3 -T7 with side flexion occurring first in the Thoracic spine.

• Describe the biomechanics of rotation of a thoracic ring at the levels T1-T7.
• Describe the biomechanics of the Cervical spine, Thoracic spine, ribs, clavicle and manubrium with elevation of the right or left shoulder.
• Describe the biomechanics of flexion and extension at the Costotransverse joint at T9.
• Describe the differences in motion of the mobile segments between T3 -T7 with side flexion occurring first in the Thoracic spine.
• Describe the physiology of breathing and how altered pH can affect the body.
• Describe two functions of the diaphragm.
• Identify limited chest expansion and Bradcliff angles and ski jumps
• Identify limited lateral costal breathing and how to facilitate normal lateral costal breathing
• Describe how altered breathing patterns can alter pH and how this can affect the body.
• Describe the autonomic nervous system and function.
• Name three physiological consequences of respiratory alkalosis.
• Describe suboptimal breathing patterns and their effect on the cervical spine and chronic pain.
• Name and describe the different types of sleep apnea.
• Describe the three levels of Apnea-hypopnea index AHI.
• List five symptoms of sleep apnea.
• List two treatments for sleep apnea.

• Describe the physiology of breathing and how altered pH can affect the body.
• Describe two functions of the diaphragm.
• Identify limited chest expansion and Bradcliff angles and ski jumps
• Identify limited lateral costal breathing and how to facilitate normal lateral costal breathing

• Describe how altered breathing patterns can alter pH and how this can affect the body.
• Describe the autonomic nervous system and function.
• Name three physiological consequences of respiratory alkalosis.
• Describe suboptimal breathing patterns and their effect on the cervical spine and chronic pain.

• Name and describe the different types of sleep apnea.
• Describe the three levels of Apnea-hypopnea index AHI.
• List five symptoms of sleep apnea.
• List two treatments for sleep apnea.

• Discuss the theories of why aging is now seen as a disease, characterized by chronic inflammation, which could potentially be stopped or even reversed. 
• Share how persistent, low-level inflammation (inflammaging) contributes to the deterioration of cellular and systemic functions, driving the aging process and the development of age-related chronic diseases.
• Examine the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, exploring how improving mitochondrial health can promote longevity and reduce age-related decline.
• Identify clinical strategies to integrate mitochondrial health and anti-inflammatory practices into patient care to enhance healthy aging and mitigate the impact of chronic diseases.
• Introduction to low-level laser therapy, its core principles, and its mechanism of action for healing and optimizing cellular function.
• Explain the role of the mitochondria in cellular energy production and overall health.
• Review evidence-based applications of low-level laser therapy in promoting mitochondrial health via evidence-based research findings and data.
• Discuss practical approaches for integrating low-level laser therapy into clinical practice to enhance patient outcomes in managing mitochondrial dysfunction and promoting cellular rejuvenation.
• Share the global impact of metabolic dysfunction and discuss the effects of obesity driving chronic inflammation and its link to chronic health conditions.
• Discuss the mechanisms through which excess body fat and underlying metabolic dysfunction contributes to inflammatory processes and hormonal/endocrine dysfunction.
• Elaborate on clinical insights into effective interventions for combating obesity, improving metabolic health, and reducing inflammation, including dietary changes, physical activity, and sleep.
• Explore emerging therapies and technologies aimed at improving metabolic function and reducing inflammation, focusing on their potential applications in clinical practice.
• Discuss mechanisms of aging and how the aging process is being challenged by both conventional and alternative medical communities. 
• Provide a comprehensive analysis of nutritional, dietary, and lifestyle-based interventions that have shown promising outcomes for improving longevity and quality of life outcomes. 
• Overview of major concepts, themes, and discussions about the importance of diet, nutrition, and controlling blood sugar to optimize metabolic capacity to maximize aging. 
• Examine emerging research on cellular regeneration and mitochondrial function as critical components in slowing the aging process and enhancing longevity.

• Develop the skills for medical documentation record keeping for proper patient care and adherence to insurance protocols
• Summarize informed consent, Evidenced-based care, Medicare guidelines and NCQA guidelines
• Identify common treatment procedures and modalities used in a chiropractic practice And recognize contraindications to them
• designate specific items to consider when interpreting and/or taking plain film X-rays
• Summarize the value of laboratory and diagnostic testing.
• Recognize the importance of patient communication skills in order to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of patients
• Modify procedures and forms to prevent the possibility of a legal malpractice action against the doctor

Hour 1

• Utilize improved patient communication skills with Medicare Patients 
• Apply appropriate risk management procedures to enhance patient communication
• Identify the four elements of legal malpractice and recognize the key components to avoid a malpractice action  
• Utilize key components of good documentation and record keeping
• Integrate the legal requirements of informed consent in your informed consent process 

Hour 2

• Summarize why doctors are held to higher standards
• Discuss the Do’s and Don’ts of record keeping
• Use the 21 NCQA guidelines for appropriate medical record keeping and integrate the 3 key components of Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

Hour 3

• Assess Medicare’s mandatory Electronic Health Records (EHR) requirement        
• Discuss key items related to the Office of Inspector General (OIG) reports regarding Medicare and chiropractic services
• Summarize Executive Order issued by the White House titled reducing improper payments and eliminating waste in the Federal Programs

Hour 4

• Determine what triggers an audit and key items to consider if audited
• Utilize a step by step approach to meet all Federal Medicare Documentation guidelines 
• Summarize Medicare’s guidelines for necessity of chiropractic care and its covered services
• Prepare treatment plans per Medicare’s regulation requirements
• Recognize Medicare’s policy requirements pertaining to x-ray/diagnostic reimbursement
• Determine if ordering vs. referred services meet Medicare’s policy when performed by a chiropractic physician

Hour 1

• Demonstrate the key elements pertaining to Medicare’s documentation requirements for initial and subsequent patient encounters  
• Describe the three categories of chiropractic care covered through Medicare and the one category exempt from Medicare coverage
• Apply Medicare’s x-ray requirements for documenting a subluxation
• Utilize Medicare Advance Beneficiary Notification (ABN) form and its guidelines 
• Use Medicare’s PARTS system to document a subluxation
• Summarize the transformation of Medicare’s PARTS system utilizing the AIR S & M method               
• Include proper Medicare documentation for daily progress notes (SOAP), in order to meet insurance guidelines and meet medical necessity 

Hour 2

• Integrate a 4 step approach to meet E/M (Evaluation/Management) coding requirements to meet Medicare’s guidelines

Hour 3

• Review Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MARCA) aka Medicare Quality Payment Program (QPP) and the Merit Based Incentive Payment Program (MIPS)                                                                    

Hour 4

• Apply the critical components of Chiropractic Manipulative Treatment (CMT) coding and Medicare’s requirements for documentation
• Use diagnostic codes ICD-10 (primary subluxation M-codes biomechanical lesions and secondary medical codes) to meet Medicare’s diagnosis requirements
• Recognize Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) codes and how it relates to the Medicare system
• Utilize Medicare modifiers   
• Identify some of the key items with regards to completing the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 1500 claim form   
• Summarize Medicare’s mandatory claims submission policy                                   
• Explain the five levels of Medicare appeals process
• Distinguish between Medicare participating vs. non-participating provider requirements

Hour 1

• Define standard of care.
• Examine the requirements of Chiropractic documentation.
• Evaluate Chiropractic care and the functional relationship.
• Review state specific examples of documentation requirements.
• Discuss what is mean by episode of care.

 Hour 2

• Establish the baseline of care.
• Identify the inadequacies of intake forms.
• Comply with the requirements of the initial encounter report.
• Review the consultation documentation in various case scenarios.
• Apply appropriate medical decision-making processes and documentation.

 Hour 3

• Examine the Documentation Requirements of a SOAP Note.
• Utilize PART in documentation.
• Utilize outcome assessment tests in documenting medical necessity of care.
• Identify Assessment and its relationship to medical necessity.
• Solidify elements of the treatment plan to support medical necessity.
• Apprise utilization management and review analysis of documentation.

• Recognize the common pitfalls that can put your clinic at risk
• Review the difference between a mandatory ABN and a voluntary ABN
• Identify the appropriate time to initiate a mandatory ABN
• Implement customized and compliant ABNs for your clinic by following the rules

• Demonstrate understanding of the key elements of revised E/M services
• Determine the elements that count as Time-Activities and how to calculate appropriately
• Establish protocol to determine Medical Decision Making element of E/M encounter
• Apply the new algorithm to appropriately code for E/M services under the 2021 model
• Discover how to still demonstrate Medical Necessity with the revised E/M codes
• Determine why history and examination are still needed

• Develop the skills for medical documentation record-keeping for proper patient care and adherence to insurance value based parameters
• Recognize the importance, and benefits of thorough chart documentation from the standpoint of the patient, the provider, the profession and third-party payors
• Show how outcome assessment documentation benefits the patient, the provider, the profession, and third-party payors
• Demonstrate physical examination procedures that are the basis for diagnosis formulation and value based data
• Examine skills necessary to incorporate an outcomes-based, evidenced-influenced approach to patient-centered health care in bodily injuries

• Develop the skills for medical documentation record-keeping for proper patient care
• Recognize the importance and benefits of documentation methodology from the standpoint of risk management
• Identify selected documentation problems and errors
• Summarize recommendations for improving patient care documentation for those Doctors not using an EHR

• Discuss the history of ICD-10-CM codes
• Discuss the Official ICD-10-CM Guidelines for Coding and Reporting
• Identify and discuss the tools needed to navigate the ICD-10 codes
• Discuss the General Equivalence Mappings (GEM’s) and their significance and how they relate to ICD-10-CM Tabular List of Diseases and Injuries
• Identify and discuss how to select the appropriate ICD-10 code to its highest specificity
• Examples to be discussed

• Recognize the key components regarding good documentation and record keeping
• Identify the legal requirements of informed consent and the key elements of the informed consent process
• Discuss why doctors are held to higher standards
• Describe the 21 NCQA guidelines for record keeping
• Document progress notes (SOAP) to meet insurance guidelines and medical necessity
• Apply the PARTS system and its transformation utilizing a new method AIR S & M
• Utilize CMT coding appropriately
• Utilize E/M (Evaluation/Management) coding appropriately to meet insurance guidelines and medical necessity
• Identify the 3 categories and 2 subcategories of E/M codes
• Identify the 5 levels of E/M services for new and established patients
• Identify the 7 components (descriptors) used to determine the level of E/M service
• Select the appropriate level of E/M services utilizing 7 simple steps

• Differentiate between active and maintenance care in clinical documentation
• Execute the use of advance notice in third party patients correctly and accurately
• Identify and implement strategies to clarify the difference between active and maintenance care in documentation
• Recognize and adopt best practices in proper notification about maintenance care vs. active treatment

• Properly document findings and recommendations around muscle therapies
• Master the documentation necessary in daily visits to verify medical necessity
• Identify and implement strategies the most important findings and rationale necessary to add muscle therapies to the treatment plan
• Recognize how to differentiate between various manual therapies to meet the requirements of third-party payers' medical review policy

• Differentiate between supervised modalities, constant attendance modalities, and therapeutic procedures
• Properly document the time and service for any physical medicine modality and procedure
• Clearly define the rationale for these services within the patient's medical record

• Recognize the varying specific requirements for documenting unique adjusting techniques in regards to compliant records and risk management
• Properly document patient encounters for medical necessity
• Discuss the Medical Review Policy insurers use in reviewing medical documentation
• Review case studies and examples to identify documentation errors during self-auditing

• Apply best practices for using abbreviations, addressing legibility, authentication of signatures, and managing the day-to-day flow of your patient records 
• Clearly delineate the beginning and end of episodes of patient care, proper recording of these episodes, and boundary discussions with patients 
• Locate and utilize the definitions of medically necessary care, and apply it as a differentiator from clinically appropriate care
• Assess documentation across the life cycle of the patient’s chart from history to discharge and on through maintenance and wellness care based on live examples demonstrated
• Identify the deficiencies that may be present in your documentation through the eyes of an auditor

• Utilize documentation requirements for the most commonly used CPT codes in the profession
• Apply coding techniques and algorithms to ensure the proper code is selected to meet E/M documentation guidelines
• Recognize the codes that carry the highest degree of risk and confirm that documentation meets the code requirements
• Identify the mandatory elements of medical review policy for selected chiropractic codes

• Compose Complete and Accurate Treatment Plans
• Formulate multiple Standard Treatment Protocols for better compliance and efficiency
• Differentiate patient care plans per Patient condition severity
• Propose recommendations based on exam findings, not third party coverage

• Know how to document exactly what’s required for initial visit treatment plans including physical medicine procedures
• Apply sample language to include in each daily visit note that will meet documentation guidelines for these modalities and procedures, including properly recording time for timed services
• Command the mechanics of how to authenticate documentation for services provided by auxiliary team members
• Tie the patient’s diagnosis to the treatment plan for tissue-specific, physical medicine solutions
• Tell a complete and coherent account of the patient’s daily visit journey, outlining the crucial language necessary to justify medical necessity for all services rendered

• Recognize and document the difference between active and maintenance care
• Use a decision-making matrix to determine the reportability of active treatment, and to be able to help the patient understand the distinction
• Apply the Medicare standard of recordkeeping to intake requirements to establish a baseline for episodes of care
• Determine whether routine visits qualify as active treatment when presented with new and updated complaints

• Describe the need for prognosis
• Summarize what a prognosis is
• Demonstrate the use of prognostic tools
• Appraise your individual patient’s outlook for recovery.
• Measure the progress
• Make evidence based clinical decisions
• Substantiate your opinion for expert testimony.
• Illustrate the evidence for care.
• Prescribe evidence based care plans.
• Properly document and code complicated cases
• Improve the patient report of findings and discharge procedures

• Interpret in documentation, the difference between active, medically necessary care vs. clinically appropriate but possibly maintenance adjustments
• Able to distinguish compensatory vs. primary subluxations and document them properly
• Specify proper documentation techniques as a full spine adjuster
• Demonstrate the ability to classify documentation for each chiropractic technique employed

• Perform functional testing to identify patients who will benefit from active care rehab
• Correlate functional testing findings with a protocol-driven care plan customized to the patient’s diagnosis
• Recognize and document preferred outcomes that result from properly executed active care techniques
• Follow clinical algorithms to best understand the beginning, middle and end points of active care rehab
• Properly document the clinical rationale for active care rehab by linking it to the diagnosis and treatment plan of initial visit documentation

• Discover all the elements necessary for appropriate documentation of an episode of care, from the initial visit through the discharge from active treatment
• Have clearer delineation of the beginning and end of episodes of patient care
• Decide when an active episode of care should turn into maintenance care, and document the decision making appropriately
• Identify the required components of documentation as they are outlined in state board documentation requirements, Medicare documentation requirements and other entities’ regulations

• Define and recognize common procedures that may be deemed unproven, investigational or experimental
• Determine how individual state boards and payers view these various treatments
• Recognize guidance or rulings from state boards that dictate the need for informed consent
• Properly document the procedures in the medical record
• Apply correct coding to describe the procedure provided
• Personalize a sample Consent to Treat for the procedure provided

• Awareness of the value of orderly documentation to you and others
• Ability to duplicate key documentation components that auditors and reviewers expect
• Steps necessary to address how poor documentation can turn a simple record review into a full audit
• Ability to identify commonly missed links connecting documentation to treatment

• Differentiate and document for the difference between medical necessity and clinical appropriateness
• Execute a complete and compliant treatment plan that includes all required elements
• Properly record the elements necessary to justify the full-spine adjustment
• Command the mechanics of properly documenting clinical rationale for ordered diagnostics and treatment
• Ensure the inclusion of diagnostic assessment and doctor’s rationale in routine daily visit notes

• Recognize the mandatory enrollment guidelines for chiropractors.
• Distinguish between active and maintenance care.
• Employ proper procedure to administrate both active and maintenance types of care.
• Complete and document required elements of documentation of active treatment.
• Apply the Medicare standard of financial transactions with patients in order to stay within the Federal collection guideline.

• Discover how proper documentation impacts the revenue cycle and profitability of your office
• Distinguish between Medically Necessary and Clinically Appropriate Care
• Demonstrate how your office compliance program either leaves you vulnerable or reduces your risk
• Develop understanding of compliant fee systems
• Evaluate federal guidelines regarding discounting and/or hardship

• Discern Part B from Part C and know the rules for each
• Discuss mandatory enrollment necessary for Chiropractic specialty
• Master the definition of medical necessity vs. clinical appropriateness and who pays in either case
• Recognize the differences between acute, chronic, and maintenance car
• Locate and understand the Medicare Local Coverage Determination (LCD) for your state including all the rules and guidelines
• Identify CMT coding and how it is differentiated from maintenance in Medicare

• Discern Part B from Part C and know the rules for each
• Discuss mandatory enrollment necessary for Chiropractic specialty
• Master the definition of medical necessity vs. clinical appropriateness and who pays in either case
• Recognize the differences between acute, chronic, and maintenance car
• Locate and understand the Medicare Local Coverage Determination (LCD) for your state including all the rules and guidelines
• Identify CMT coding and how it is differentiated from maintenance in Medicare

• Understand the difference between clinically appropriate and medically necessary care
• Identify the clinical indications of when to initiate therapeutic withdrawal
• Execute the components of a final discharge evaluation with proper documentation and recommendations
• Learn how to transition a client from an active phase of care to maintenance as a part of your treatment plan

• Understand the difference between clinically appropriate and medically necessary care
• Identify the clinical indications of when to initiate therapeutic withdrawal
• Execute the components of a final discharge evaluation with proper documentation and recommendations
• Learn how to transition a client from an active phase of care to maintenance as a part of your treatment plan

• Cite the difference between Therapeutic Exercise and Therapeutic Activities
• Properly document all aspects required when utilizing timed therapy services
• Assimilate payer policy details to ensure proper code utilization
• Discuss common errors when documenting and billing exercise therapy services

• Demonstrate why each and every digit of the DX tells the payer something important Distinguish the nuances of specialized DX coding rules for carriers such as Medicare.
• Discover the importance of DX pointing, and which CPT codes are an absolute MUST to point to DX
• Illustrate how to diagnose with a higher level of specificity and through proper hierarchy Identify the role of the diagnosis in the documentation process'

• Identify the expected standards of a compliant and complete patient record
• Audit documentation to ensure the most important details are present
• Demonstrate how to conduct a complete baseline audit of record documentation

• Demonstrate the components of recognizing Medical Necessary Care vs. Clinically Appropriate
• Identify CMT coding trends and indicators as they relate to medical necessity
• Properly manage treatment effectiveness for exacerbations and reoccurrences
• Determine Proper Diagnosis and Assessment for Federal Patients
• Acknowledge and audit CMT coding ratios to evaluate the potential risk

• Identify Dually Eligible Individuals (QMB) and Understand How Medicare Works with Medicaid
• Ascertain the practice’s obligations for QMB patients, regardless of Medicaid participation or coverage
• Provide accurate and legal advance notice to dually eligible individuals within the new guidelines
• Recognize the differences between acute, chronic, and maintenance care and how that affects billing and charges
• Duplicate Medicare financial rules and collections guidance into a process within the practice

• Identify the key players in the patient provider relationship
• Recognize the key documentation requirements and components required to be eligible to treat Veterans
• Compose documentation that meets  required VA elements
• Locate key resources for successful referral management
• Determine key factors known to be often missing, and understand what to do to correct the deficiency
• Demonstrate the proactive steps to take in treating VA patients from clinical and financial submission

• Identify missing components before they become critical issues for your practice
• Determine the basic requirements of documentation for all payer classes
• Learn to identify payer requirements as part of your documentation standards
• Understand the key documentation components that boards, auditors and reviewers expect

• Apply the changes in the 2022 ICD-10 code set to the clinical diagnosis process
• Compare examination findings, couple with history, to select the most appropriate written diagnosis
• Document within the clinical record your thought process of selecting diagnostic codes
• Classify diagnoses in order of severity and hierarchy to match projected treatment plan

• Properly document “doctor thinking” daily in routine patient visit documentation
• Recognize the role of the PART documentation process in Routine Office Visit notes
• Identify and execute the key components of written assessment in daily documentation
• Recognize aspects of documentation and coding of Route Office Visits (ROV) whether active treatment, preventative maintenance, or wellness care.
• Distinguish the unique components of Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan

Hour One: Documentation and Compliance Overview, Rules and Regulations

• Recognize and avoid or correct behavior that is contrary to the rule of “no opt-out for chiropractors”
• Apply compliance rules set forth by governmental agencies that apply to providers of service to Federally insured patients
• Demonstrate day-to-day application of guidance on Federal Program and state requirements for coding, billing, and finances
• Differentiate between active and maintenance care, according to the official Medicare definitions and other third-party guidelines
• Interpret the four types of risk the Office of Inspector General (HHS) expects providers to focus on with Policy and Procedure, per the OIG Guidance for Small Practices
• Recognize the limitations of experimental, investigational, and unproven technologies

 Hour Two: Documentation of Initial Visits-New Patients, New Episodes, and New Conditions

• Identify and apply concepts that differentiate types of initial visits, from new patients to updated episodes
• Produce documentation of initial visits that comply with board requirements for chiropractors
• Summarize documentation requirements as they apply to the new initial Evaluation and Management guidelines set forth January 1, 2021
• Establish medical necessity for your care and know with surety that initial visit documentation is complete
• Rank complicating factors and contraindications according to priority and include with initial assessment
• Populate a required treatment plan for care, whether for short- or longer-term care

 Hour Three: Documentation and Case Management for Routine Visits, Preventive Maintenance, and Wellness Care

• Differentiate between requirements for medically necessary services vs. maintenance which is self-pay
• Apply primary subluxation vs secondary compensation logic to mitigate risk for the full-spine adjustment
• Reproduce the key elements of routine chiropractic visits in documentation as set forth by third-party, State and Federal guidelines
• Interpret functional data to determine stages and levels of care
• Demonstrate the ability to implement therapeutic withdrawal and to document its results
• Recognize maximum therapeutic benefit (MTB) and properly document discharge from active treatment

 Hour Four: The Risks Associated Billing and Financial Compliance Regulations

• Give examples of billing and financial compliance that cross the line of False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Statute violations
• Apply billing and financial compliance regulations to the day-to-day operations of the practice, including payment and prepayment plans
• Execute random auditing of charges and collections to meet OIG compliance guidelines
• Recognize and apply the rules of offering financial hardship discounts
• Produce advertising that falls within the guidelines of board and federal rules

• Label the main driver is for “Medical Necessity”, how and why you must communicate this to 3^rd party payers
• List the foundation of coding and be able to apply pertinent ICD10 coding guidelines
• Discover how correct coding may dictate our strength to 3^rd parties and have national implications for our profession.
• Discuss critical questions of the benefits and risks of our Chiropractic diagnosis codes in the insurance industry.
• Identify red flags, complicating factors, and have awareness of Risk management when documenting and coding.
• Identify how insurance companies rank the importance of various diagnoses and its effect on claims’ coverage and processing

• Summarize the effect of exercise on wound healing in older adults
• Discuss the relationship between trunk muscle composition and functional capacity
• Assess the effects of high-intensity strength training on balance
• Describe a study that examines the reliability and validity of a new steadiness measure
• Assess the effect of an endurance exercise program on depression, anxiety and quality of life

• Summarize the concept of mitochondrial degeneration
• Discuss the free-radical mitochondrial theory of aging and the susceptibility of the brain to oxidative stress
• Assess the relationship between mitochondrial decay and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)
• Illustrate the array of mitochondrial nutrients and the various vitamins that may improve mitochondrial function

• Breakdown the biomechanical processes of spinal degeneration
• Explain the biochemical processes that occur in the geriatric population in 
• Differentiate between various diagnosis of structural and chemical conditions seen in geriatric patients
• Analyze the radiological findings and how they influence clinical decisions
• Explain Syndrome X and how it affects physiology
• Differentiate trauma and its late effects on the body

Hour 1

• Describe psychoneuroimmunology and its application to clinical diagnosis of geriatric patients
• Apply psychoneuroimmunology to activities of daily living

Hour 2

• Differentiate clinical approaches to managing psychoneuroimmunology
• Measure clinical treatment outcomes

Hour 3

• Relate what factors contribute to this field in the elderly patient
• Incorporate hormonal balancing with nutrition in clinical treatment plans for Chiropractic Patients

• Implement nutrients that promote spinal and joint function to obtain positive clinical outcomes
• Explain Ph., alkalinity and acidity as it impacts the physiology of the body in regards to healing
• Categorize toxins in the environment that create clinical presentations of  geriatric patients clinical care
• Utilize vitamins herbals and supplements to augment patients’ care
• Factor nutritional aspects of protein, fats and carbs into clinical treatment plans to improve healing
• Create treatment goals and nutritional plans

• Assess various treatment modalities
• Implement treatment protocols as found in the latest research
• Progress patients to incorporate wellness into their lifestyle
• Perform postural evaluations and discuss clinical significance to the patient
• Appropriately factor radiographic findings into diagnosis and clinical decision making of the geriatric patient
• Examine physical findings and set specific and measurable patient treatment goals

• Review evidence-based recommendations regarding best practices for chiropractic care of older adults
• Outline the relationship between individual sagittal posture and risk falling in an elderly back pain population
• Explore the cost impact of utilizing chiropractic in older patients with chronic low back pain and multiple comorbidities
• Examine the effectiveness of nonpharmacological therapies for dizziness in older people
• Assess the impact of chiropractic care on measures of sensorimotor function associated with the risk of falls in older adults

• Summarize the United Nations (UN) Decade of Healthy Aging and its initiatives
• Describe challenges specific to conducting clinical research on older patients
• Examine epidemiological trends and opportunities related to an aging population
• Define agism and elderspeak
• Explore relevant concepts of, and goals for, healthy aging
• Outline relevant clinical considerations for aging patients in a chiropractic practice
• Specify red flags in older patients that would warrant clinical referral
• Assess general function in elderly patients using simple clinical tests
• Examine our unique clinical opportunities (and challenges) relating to providing chiropractic care for older patients
• Recognize the clinical impact of multi-site pain in elderly patients
• Cite existing data on chiropractic care patterns for older patients
• Summarize and critique the existing body of research on chiropractic care for spinal conditions in older patients
• Explore the relationship between hip and spine function in elderly patients
• Integrate existing literature pertaining to the patient experience and understand what matters to them
• Summarize best practices for providing chiropractic care for older patients
• Discuss the rational use of imaging in chiropractic practice
• Define osteoarthritis and review the societal impact of this condition
• Identify risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis
• Outline our current state of knowledge on the pathophysiology and diagnosis of osteoarthritis
• Appraise the state of the evidence regarding general treatment recommendations for osteoarthritis
• Explore the scientific literature regarding various treatment modalities for osteoarthritis
• Recognize the value of exercise for managing osteoarthritis
• Critique the literature regarding common medical interventions for osteoarthritis
• Define lumbar spinal stenosis and review the societal impact of this condition
• Classify pathognomonic signs and symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis
• Differentiate lumbar spinal stenosis from other clinical conditions
• Breakdown the evolving evidence relating to the management of lumbar spinal stenosis
• Discover the important role chiropractic can play in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis
• Outline our current state of knowledge on the pathophysiology and diagnosis of degenerative cervical (spondylotic) myelopathy
• Recognize the importance of identifying this pathology in aging patients to facilitate appropriate care

• Prepare to manage and document protocols, for litigation protection
• Discover how to avoid a HIPAA investigation and becoming a ‘HIPAA statistic’, often by surprise.
• Operate an office with protocols to avoid ransom ware and other Cyber-attacks.
• Complete a HIPAA program to be prepared for document production, demanded by the government, when a complaint (or even a simple inquiry) is made by a patient, peer, or ex-employee.

• Prepare for the required OIG compliance program, required for all who treat one of more Medicare patients per year.
• Aid in understanding and preparing required written documented policies under the HIPAA law.
• Identify what thieves do with stolen patient information.
• Discover what is included in a comprehensive table of contents for a HIPAA compliance program.
• Describe the type and number of complaints against doctors and their often surprise origins
• Use of required accounting logs

• Classifying what you say and when, when notified of an investigation or audit, to avoid saying the wrong thing and complicating your case.
• Examine what every office must do, regarding the ONC law, to deliver patient records electronically if so requested, even if you don’t have computers.
• Show a step-by-step approach to responding to the government in the event of a breach, investigation, or audit.
• Solve the puzzle as to avoiding audits and compliance investigations.

• Explain tele-health pros and cons.
• Categorize the risks that lead to being turned in for violations, often not knowing you were doing anything wrong.
• Point out the most common HIPAA scams that involve impersonating a federal official.
• Examine the parts of the HIPAA law that enforcers are enforcing and those parts they are not enforcing.

• Discover how to conduct the required ISAR (information system activity review) that leads to maximum fines if not completed.
• Aid you and/or your staff in conducting the required risk analysis that leads to maximum fines, if not completed.
• Prepare an electronic device maintenance schedule to protect yourself relative to data breaches.
• Examine how to reduce your exposure to HIPAA fines.

• Discover illegal fee structures and the legal options that do exist.
• Prepare the four requirements relative to the notice of patient privacy policy.
• Generate a legally required BAA process for every individual or company with whom you share or provide access to your patient data.
• Discuss the requirements for data recover and emergency mode operations under HIPAA.

• Prepare a protocol for creating required policies under HIPAA.
• Assess the risks of seeing Medicare patients with inadequate use of the ABN form.
• Operate proper procedures to appropriately use the ABN form in a Medicare practice.
• Summarize the Ohio workers’ compensation requirements that elevate chiropractic and put restrictions upon spinal surgeons.

• Generate proper staff training to meet HIPAA requirements.
• Examine the pitfalls around a physical plant audit and what you must do to avoid them.
• Completing a required disciplinary policy that will pass an investigation.
• Classify the little-known training requirements above and beyond the ‘annual HIPAA training’.

Hour 1: The Electromagnetic Spectrum 

• Discuss the basics of both visible and invisible “light”
• Integrate these concepts in laser photon therapy: wavelength, frequency, speed of light, fluence, penetration, secondary and primary physiological influences

Hour 2: Laser Physiology I

• Contrast the differences between thermal and non-thermal laser therapy
• Integrate the relevance of the voltage-gated calcium ion channels, and perioxynitrate molecule in human health and disease

Hour 3: Laser Physiology II

•  Develop the relationship between mitochondria, free radicals, ATP, cytochrome c oxidase enzyme, and laser photon therapy
• Explain the biphasic nature of laser photon therapy

Hour 4: Cell Biology

•  Distinguish between Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain metabolism 
• Identify the details of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and complexes I, II, III, IV, and V

Hour 5: Low Back Pain Protocol

• Develop a poly-therapeutic integrative approach for chronic low back pain
• Integrate adjustments, posture, motion, nutrition and laser therapy

Hour 6: Brain Protocol

• Develop a protocol for brain function; integrating trauma, degenerative, and vascular compromise
• Develop a protocol for cognitive enhancement

Hour 1:  The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Basic Sciences)       

• Explore the basics of both visible and invisible “light”
• Compare of the concepts of Power versus Energy
• Explain the basic flow of electrons through the ETC
• Discuss the basics of the ETC in the Mitochondria, ATP production, increase ROS and systemic disease caused by stalling. Examples  Osteoarthritis, Alzheimers, effects on BBB, Autism and other neurodegenerative diseases.

 Hour 2:  The Role of Dysfunctional Mitochondria in Disease Processes (Basic Sciences) 

• Assess factors which negatively the electron transport chain (Pharma/ OTC NSAID/genetics)
• Discuss the role of mitochondria dysfunction in common disease processes
• Propose treatment options for restoring proper mitochondria function.
• Summarize the role light in stimulating Complex 1-4 in the ETC
• Integrate low level laser wavelength, frequency, energy, depth of penetration as it relates to human Physiology.

 Hour 3:  Indications for Low Level Laser

• Evaluate the efficacy for LLL in the treatment of common musculoskeletal injures and post operative pain.
• Explore the physiologic basis for pain and its related pathway.
• Discuss the Arndt Schults Law and its role in comparing and contrasting Class 2 lasers to Class 3 & 4 lasers
• Analyze case studies using the application of low level laser by wavelength, disease, and injury type

Hour 4:  Soft Tissue Technique

• Review anatomy for optimal soft tissue and skeletal manipulation.
• Demonstrate the inverse relationship between range of motion and pain.
• Integrate laser therapy to manipulate the physiology of the Human body, Chiropractic Manipulation & Manual Therapy Techniques to increase functional mobility (ROM) and facilitate pain reduction.

• Recognize lumbar disc signs and symptoms.
• Differentiate disc prolapse from disc extrusion.
• Identify anatomical structures related to lumbar disc conditions.
• Describe neuro-muscular physiology as it relates to disc injuries.
• Determine appropriate exam procedures for diagnosing disc conditions.
• Assess static range of motion coupled with cross-plane evaluation.
• Analyze dynamic joint motion using outcome-based assessment tools.
• Interpret manual muscle testing using eccentric break testing protocols.
• Grade muscle tone and discover muscle palpation techniques.
• Interpret neurological tests to determine levels of disc involvement.
• Design treatment plans based on exam findings.
• Apply manual manipulation techniques to address the lumbo-pelvic joint lesions.
• Demonstrate manual methods to reduce abdominal and pelvic muscular dysfunction.
• Create new muscle memory patterns to correct chronic conditions.
• Compare pre- and post- treatment findings to support care plans.

• Discuss different types of lumbar stretching and their effects.
• Define therapeutic stretching goals, protocols and precautions for the lumbar spine.
• Measure lumbar pain, agility and joint crepitus associated with therapeutic stretching.
• Apply lumbo-pelvic circumduction training to improve disc related joint mobility.
• Integrate PreActive therapeutic stretching techniques to reduce lumbo-pelvic muscle tension.
• Devise strengthening protocols for the lumbo-pelvic region using graduated isometric protocols.
• Discuss mobility during lumbar traction to reduce disc pressure.
• Compare static traction versus dynamic traction.
• Define contra-indications for decompression therapy of the lumbar spine.
• Apply appropriate lumbar decompression therapy to various patient populations.
• Demonstrate lumbar mobility training exercises used to enhance decompression effectiveness.
• Justify reimbursement through accurate documentation of lumbar disc treatment progression.
• Diagnose lumbar disc conditions with clarity.
• Select outcome-based assessment tools to monitor patient progress.
• Illustrate lumbar range of motion and muscle testing deficiencies concisely.
• Summarize patient status for lumbar mobility, crepitus and pain intensity.

• Recognize concussion signs and symptoms.
• Differentiate concussion grades.
• Identify anatomical structures related to concussions.
• Describe pathophysiology as it relates to concussions.
• Determine appropriate exam procedures for diagnosing concussions.
• Apply diagnostic skills to on-field and clinic settings.
• Interpret diagnostic tests to evaluate concussion progress.
• Design treatment plans based on exam findings.
• Demonstrate manual manipulation techniques to address concussion symptoms.
• Compare pre- and post-treatment findings to support care plans.

• Discuss neurophysiology of musculoskeletal dysfunction.
• Create new memory patterns to restore neuromascular integration.
• Demonstrate manual methods to reduce muscular dysfunction.
• Address cranial nerve lesions with manipulation techniques.
• Introduce the half-somersault maneuver for vertigo relief.

• Recognize cervical disc signs and symptoms.
• Differentiate disc prolapse from disc extrusion.
• Identify anatomical structures related to cervical disc conditions.
• Describe neuro-muscular physiology as it relates to disc injuries.
• Determine appropriate exam procedures for diagnosing disc conditions.
• Assess static range of motion coupled with cross-plane evaluation.
• Analyze dynamic joint motion using outcome-based assessment tools.
• Interpret manual muscle testing using eccentric break testing protocols.
• Develop muscle palpation skills and grade muscle tonicity.
• Interpret neurological tests to determine levels of disc involvement.
• Design treatment plans based on exam findings.
• Apply manual manipulation techniques to address the cervical joint lesions.
• Demonstrate manual methods to reduce cervical muscular dysfunction.
• Create new muscle memory patterns to correct chronic conditions.
• Compare pre- and post-treatment findings to support care plans.

• Discuss different types of cervical stretching and their effects.
• Define therapeutic stretching goals, protocols and precautions for the cervical spine.
• Measure cervical pain, agility and joint crepitus associated with therapeutic stretching.
• Integrate PreActive therapeutic stretching techniques to reduce cervical muscle tension and improve disc related joint mobility.
• Devise strengthening protocols for the cervical region using graduated isometric protocols.
• Discuss cervical mobility during traction to reduce disc pressure.
• Compare static traction versus dynamic traction of the cervical spine.
• Define contra-indications for cervical decompression therapy.
• Apply appropriate cervical decompression therapy to various patient populations.
• Demonstrate cervical mobility training exercises used to enhance decompression effectiveness.
• Justify reimbursement through accurate documentation of cervical disc treatment progression.
• Diagnose cervical disc conditions with clarity.
• Select outcome-based assessment tools to monitor patient progress for cervical conditions.
• Illustrate cervical range of motion and muscle testing deficiencies concisely.
• Summarize patient status for cervical mobility, crepitus and pain intensity.

• Summarize the relationship between glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder micro-instability
• Effectively diagnose SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder mico-instability using screening and clinical tests.
• Cite common pitching pathomechanics and describe their association with specific elbow injuries.
• Paraphrase the peel back model for SLAP tears
• Relate proper pitching biomechanics with injury prevention strategies for the adolescent overhead athlete

• Define and differentiate the anatomical relationship between the rotator cuff muscles and the glenohumeral joint capsule
• Gain deeper insight into the causes and treatment of scapula dyskinesia
• Describe and perform contemporary scapula mobilization techniques
• Apply innovative soft tissue mobilization techniques to patients with shoulder hypomobility
• Perform soft tissue mobilization techniques for sub deltoid bursitis

• Classify functional anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder - scapula complex
• Apply current strategies for the evaluation of patients with scapular disorders
• Perform innovative  scapular mobilization techniques for the patient with scapular dyskinesia
• Differentiate the relationship between scapular dyskinesia, soft tissue/muscle tightness, and shoulder pathology
• Integrate a systematic scapular muscle training program / protocol for patients with scapular dyskinesia

• Discuss the prevalence and etiology of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD)
• Define the anatomy of the TMJ and surrounding facial structures.
• Recognize the three most common causes of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) seen within the chiropractic practice.
• Outline various types of pain referral sources to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
• Evaluate the TMJ using physical examination procedures
• Compare and contrast TMJ synovitis and capsulitis
• Distinguish the difference between anterior disc displacements with and without reduction
• Describe standard imaging processes ordered for specific TMJ conditions
• Outline various conservative management options for temporomandibular disorders
• Construct a treatment plan for a typical patient with temporomandibular dysfunction
• Apply specific myofascial techniques for the muscles of mastication
• Define the co-management care of a dental professional with patients presenting temporomandibular joint dysfunction

• Discuss the state of the literature on common treatment options for adhesive capsulitis
• Apply an effective and streamlined exercise program in the management of subacromial impingement
• Recognize the value of radial nerve mobilization in patients with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis
• Appraise the potential value of adding low-level laser therapy to other interventions for subacromial impingement
• Summarize the state of the literature regarding Kinesiotape for preventing sports injuries

Hour 1

• Determine appropriate protocols for patient progress.
• Discuss tools to reduce vertigo symptoms.
• Incorporate nutritional support for better brain function.
• Utilize brain therapy programs to improve cognition.
• Apply traction therapy to reduce intrathecal pressure.

 Hour 2

• Evaluate balance and stability with a variety of tools.
• Demonstrate mobility exercises to improve musculoskeletal function.
• Discuss cardio exercise to stimulate blood flow to the brain.
• Apply exercise therapy to stimulate neogenesis.
• Devise strength protocols using graduated isometrics.

Hour 3

• Discuss the benefits of flexibility training.
• Define contra-indications for flexibility training.
• Interpret evaluation tools to discover zones of tension.
• Measure pain, agility and crepitus with outcome-based tools.
• Integrate PreActive StretchingSM protocols to improve agility.

• Present literature based dietary recommendations for Parkinson’s disease symptom management
• Discuss literature based exercise recommendations for Parkinson’s disease symptom management, with an emphasis on aerobic exercise
• Review the literature regarding acupuncture for Parkinson’s disease symptom management
• Discuss lifestyle modifications that can be helpful with Parkinson’s disease symptom management

Hour 1

• Discuss shoulder anatomy.
• Differentiate the causes of shoulder pain
• Assess joint mobility and muscle function.
• Apply manual manipulation to reduce shoulder dysfunction.
• Incorporate rehab techniques to restore strength and flexibility.

Hour 2

• Discuss scapulo-thoracic anatomy.
• Define the causes of scapulo-thoracic pain.
• Assess joint mobility and muscle function.
• Apply manual manipulation to reduce scapular dysfunction.
• Introduce rehab techniques to restore strength and mobility.

Hour 3

• Discuss gleno-humeral anatomy.
• Define the causes of gleno-humeral pain.
• Assess joint mobility and muscle function.
• Apply manual manipulation to reduce joint dysfunction.
• Introduce rehab techniques to restore strength and mobility.

Hour 1

• Discuss concussion causes and pathophysiology.
• Introduce return to play guidelines.
• Explore other return to lifestyle guidelines.
• Discuss the modifying factors for RTP.
• Examine concussion grading procedures.

Hour 2

• Review tools for concussion evaluation.
• Review the health concerns of pediatric athletes.
• Incorporate strategies for pediatric patients.
• Apply pediatric RTP guidelines for football.

Hour 3

• Investigate medico-legal issues of RTP.
• Explore appropriate documentation standards.
• Read state concussion law development.
• Compare professional Position Papers.
• Discuss the role of Chiropractors.

Hour 1

• Describe techniques and principles of examination for peripheral joints
• Identify important surface anatomy of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand
• Identify normal range of motion of the joints of the upper extremity
• Describe how to perform an examination of the upper extremity
• Recognize common musculoskeletal abnormalities 

Hour 2

• Outline special maneuvers for the evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome
• Outline special maneuvers for the evaluation of shoulder impingement syndrome
• Identify important landmarks necessary for the exam of lower extremities
• Describe the physical examination technique for the lower extremities
• Interpret normal findings, including range of motion of the hip, knee and ankle
• Recognize some common abnormal findings through physical examination
• Describe some special maneuvers for examination of the hip, knee and ankle

Hour 3

• Outline special maneuvers for the evaluation of knee instability.
• Outline special maneuvers for the evaluation of an inversion ankle sprain
• Distinguish the differences between anterior interosseous membrane syndrome and tibial stress fracture.
• Design a treatment plan for acute patients with myofascial dysfunction for the upper and lower extremities.

Hour 1

• Describe pathophysiology as it relates to concussions. 
• Discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of concussions.
• Review concussion red flags and dangers of manipulation.
• Understand the health concerns of pediatric athletes.
• Explore diagnostic tests to evaluate concussion status.

Hour 2

• Demonstrate non-thrust treatment techniques.
• Introduce the half-somersault maneuver for vertigo relief.
• Address cranial nerve lesions with manipulation techniques.
• Explore sleep strategies for concussed patients.
• Incorporate nutritional support for better brain function.
• Discuss cardio exercise to stimulate blood flow to the brain.

Hour 3

• Apply mobility exercises to improve musculoskeletal function.
• Integrate PreActive StretchingSM protocols to improve agility.
• Explain return to lifestyle guidelines.
• Understand modifying factors for RTP.
• Compare professional Position Papers.
• Discuss the role of Chiropractors and concussions.

• Recall the clinical definition of adhesive capsulitis, based on shoulder range of motion measurements.
• List 5 risk factors for adhesive capsulitis.
• Enumerate the 4 pathophysiological stages of adhesive capsulitis.
• List and define the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Provide 2 clinical findings for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• State 3 treatment guidelines for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Summarize the grades of evidence for common physical therapy interventions (i.e. therapeutic exercise, joint mobilizations, modalities and patient education) for adhesive capsulitis

• Discuss the specific pattern of contracted and weak muscles found with Pelvic Crossed Syndrome.
• Discern the effects on the spine and pelvis from the spastic and weak muscle pattern.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat weak and contracted muscles.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching and exercise.
• Determine spinal and pelvic effects of the abnormal muscular patterns found with Pelvic Crossed Syndrome and apply treatment protocol.

Hour 1

• Discuss a functional overview of the Autonomic nervous System
• Describe Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction specifically associated with neuromusculoskeletal injury
• Identify the role of the Vagus Nerve in Controlling the Inflammatory cascade with neuromusculoskeletal injury

Hour 2

• Include physical examination procedures specific to autonomic nervous system and vagus nerve dysfunction
• Perform neurological exam procedures specific to autonomic nervous system and vagus nerve dysfunction
• Perform chiropractic exam procedures specific to autonomic nervous system and vagus nerve dysfunction

Hour 3

• Describe therapeutic Protocols for musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system
• Discuss structural chiropractic treatment protocols of musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system
• Present phytonutrient protocols for musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system

Hour 1

• Apply guidelines and recommendations for return to play associated with neuromusculoskeletal injuries
• Discuss Return to Participation Criteria
• Outline a Literature Review of How Primary Care Givers are performing in Return to participation

Hour 2

• Utilize the 6 steps necessary for Return to Participation
• Identify limitations of the Return 2 Participation Guidelines
• Discuss specific exam/diagnostic protocols that will influence when Return 2 Participation can be initiated

Hour 1

• Discuss a functional overview of the Cerebellar dysfunction
• Describe Cerebellar Dysfunction specifically associated with neuromusculoskeletal injury
• Identify the role of the Cerebellum in balance disorders associated with neuromusculoskeletal injuries

Hour 2

• Include physical examination procedures specific to the cerebellar system
• Perform neurological exam procedures specific to the cerebellar system
• Perform chiropractic exam procedures specific to the cerebellar system

Hour 3

• Describe therapeutic Protocols for musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the cerebellum
• Discuss structural chiropractic treatment protocols of musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the cerebellum
• Present phytonutrient protocols for musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the cerebellum

• Discuss the histological features of Scoliosis
• Discern Structural vs. Functional Scoliosis and their primary causes
• Coordinate treatment protocols to cervical, thoracic and lumbopelvic spine, rib cage and scapula for Scoliosis curvature
• Utilize modalities and soft tissue treatment methods to address functional changes resulting in a Scoliosis curvature
• Advise the Scoliosis patient in effective methods of stretching and exercise

• Discuss the specific pattern of contracted and weak muscles found with Shoulder Crossed Syndrome.
• Discern the effects on the spine, upper extremity and pelvis from the spastic and weak muscle pattern.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat weak and contracted muscles.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching and exercise.
• Determine spinal, extraspinal and pelvic effects of the abnormal muscular patterns found with Shoulder Crossed Syndrome and apply treatment protocol.

• Discuss the specific pattern of fibrosis development around and within the glenohumeral joint found with Adhesive Capsulitis.
• Discern the effects of the fibrosis and adhesions on the glenohumeral joint and associated soft tissues.
• Understand the rules of treatment specific to Adhesive Capsulitis.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat fibrosis and adhesions in the soft tissue structures around and within the glenohumeral joint as well as associated contracted muscle tissue.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching, exercise and modalities.

• Describe the relationship among SLAP tears, posterior shoulder tightness and scapula dyskinesis  
• Explain how to perform the modified dynamic labral shear test and summarize the clinical usefulness of this test
• Cite the clinical prediction rule (CPR) for favorable outcome in patients undergoing conservative management for SLAP lesions
• Paraphrase the efficacy of conservative treatment for patients with SLAP disorders.
• List one indication for performing an anterior to posterior mobilization of the humerus on the glenoid (posterior shoulder mobilization) 
• Identify one appropriate intervention (specific manual technique or exercise) for phase I, phase II and phase III   SLAP rehabilitation program.

• Describe the relationship among shoulder micro-instability, scapula dyskinesis and hyperlaxity  
• Explain how to perform the surprise test and summarize the clinical usefulness of this test
• Paraphrase the efficacy of conservative treatment for patients with atraumatic shoulder instability.
• Contrast the difference between a capsule reconstruction/ shift and a capsular repair.
• Cite 2 major precautions, and corresponding time frames following an anterior capsule reconstruction or repair (during the first 12 weeks)
• Identify one appropriate intervention (exercise) for phase I, phase II and phase III   post- rehabilitation program following capsular shift / reconstruction or repair

• Discuss the specific pattern of fibrosis development around and within the iliotibial band found with Iliotibial Band Syndrome at the Hip.
• Discern the effects of the fibrosis and adhesions on the iliotibial band, associated soft tissues and the functional biomechanics of the region.
• Understand the rules of treatment specific to Iliotibial Band Syndrome at the Hip.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat fibrosis and adhesions in the soft tissue structures around and within the iliofemoral joint as well as associated contracted muscle tissue.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching, exercise and modalities.

• Discuss the specific pattern of fibrosis development around and within the plantar myofascia of the foot.
• Discern the effects of the fibrosis and adhesions on the plantar fascia, associated soft tissues and the functional biomechanics of the region.
• Understand the rules of treatment specific to Plantar Fasciitis of the Foot.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat fibrosis and adhesions in the soft tissue structures around and within the foot and ankle joint as well as associated contracted muscle tissue.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching, exercise and modalities.

• Justify examination of the cervico-thoracic spinal regions for dysfunction in lateral epicondylalgia patients
• Explain and identify posterolateral rotary instability (PLRI) of the elbow
• Optimize clinical assessment and diagnosis for the long head of biceps complex
• Explore the potential pathological commonalities amongst adhesive capsulitis, metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation
• Discuss current neuroanatomical and biochemical theories as they pertain to shoulder pain and its clinical management

• Assess the effectiveness of three nonsurgical interventions on symptoms, physical function, and physical activity in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Compare the effectiveness of a structured, comprehensive conservative treatment program with a focus on self-management and improved walking ability (including lumbar manipulation, exercise and education) to a self-directed program in patients with neurogenic claudication due to lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Summarize the 2013 North American Spine Society (NASS) clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Examine the literature pertaining to the diagnostic accuracy of available tests for lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Analyze the effectiveness of the 6-week Boot Camp Program for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

• Demonstrate an understanding of the epidemiology of fibromyalgia, its impact on patient health, and the clinical controversy surrounding the syndrome.
• Evaluate available treatment options and design a treatment plan for the patient with fibromyalgia.
• Evaluate the available evidence regarding chiropractic manipulation, and complementary and alternative medicine for fibromyalgia.
• Justify the role of patient self-care in the treatment of fibromyalgia.

Hour 1

• Define and apply viscerosomatic reflexes and influences.
• Define and apply somatoviscera reflexes and influences.
• Define and apply psychosomatic reflexes and influences.
• Apply autonomic reflexes to clinical conditions including somatic dysfunction.

Hour 2

• Identify the general nature of pain and its mechanisms including the physiology and psychology of pain.
• Describe the effect of somatic dysfunction on the autonomic nervous system and apply this knowledge to the use of manipulative therapy
• State the definition, location, and identification of Chapman’s points on the body.
• Express Chapman’s points in relation to the major organ systems of the body.

Hour 3

• Illustrate Chapman’s points of the cardiovascular system.
• Illustrate Chapman’s points of the respiratory system.
• Describe management of Chapman’s reflexes in a common clinical scenario.
• Critically appraise, and utilize relevant scientific literature and information to assess and improve patient care practices; and, contribute to the ongoing scholarly development of the chiropractic profession

• Provide an overview of the complex regional anatomy of the shoulder girdle and how this allows the scapula to act as a both a dynamic and static stabilizer to the upper limb.
• Explore the normal biomechanics and the etiology, epidemiology and pathological occurrences which can disrupt the normal function and lead to scapula dyskinesis.
• Summarize the typical scapular dyskinesis clinical assessment which is most likely to identify the source of the pathology and guide the treatment.
• Demonstrate common extremity and shoulder manipulations that may help the patient with scapular dyskinesis.

• Enumerate five physical / clinical examination findings associated with lumbar spinal stenosis
• List 3 essential components of a rehabilitation program for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
• Recall four flexion-based exercises that are part of a rehabilitation program for a patient with lumbar spinal stenosis
• Identify three common soft tissue mobility impairments associated with lumbar spinal stenosis
• Cite two common joint mobility impairments associated with lumbar spinal stenosis
• Provide two evidence-based exercises that elicit high EMG activity of the transverse abdominis
• Enumerate three evidence-based exercises that elicit high EMG levels of the gluteus medius

• Relate the effects of posture on compression of the cervical cord and nerve roots and use this knowledge to develop decompression exercises for their cervical stenosis patients.
• Decompress the cervical spine utilizing the Cervico 2000 ambulatory traction device.
• Implement a strategy of upper extremity peripheral nerve stimulation to relieve symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis.
• Develop and institute a comprehensive cervical spinal stenosis rehabilitation protocol as a potential alternative to surgery. 

• Relate the effects of spinal stenosis in the development of intermittent claudication.
• Utilize a treadmill and a stopwatch, to quantify both the effects of stenosis on functional ability of patients and the effectiveness of treatment of spinal stenosis.
• Apply TENs over acupuncture points known to increase nerve blood supply and how to reverse the pathophysiology of lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Utilize dynamic imaging techniques, to gain a full appreciation of the changes in compression of the neural elements in different postures and spinal positions.

• Summarize the available literature and assess the effect of aerobic exercise on the number of headache days, duration and pain intensity in patients with migraine headache.
• Explore the efficacy of manual acupuncture and quantify the true placebo response in the prophylaxis of episodic migraine without aura.
• Outline the existing evidence and theories pertaining to the evolutive nature of migraine headaches for most patients.
• Assess the impact of spinal manipulation on pain and disability associated with migraine headache.
• Critically review the prevalence and patient-related factors associated with the use of manual therapy for treatment of chronic recurrent headaches.

• Investigate whether manipulations of the ankle joint complex increase the force production and muscle activation of the hip abductors on the affected limb in individuals with a history of ankle sprain
• Summarize the latest evidence pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy
• Outline the association between ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic knee valgus
• Discuss the state of the evidence pertaining to the clinical effects of joint mobilization on grades I and II ankle sprains
• Describe how manual therapy can help alleviate symptoms of Cuboid Syndrome in spite of the presence of active bony pathology

• Compare the effectiveness of multiple interventions for patellofemoral pain.
• Assess the literature on the effects of spinal or local joint manipulation or mobilization for patellofemoral pain syndrome.
• Evaluate the efficacy of knee strengthening with or without hip strengthening for improving strength and decreasing pain in patients with patellofemoral pain.
• Summarize the factors that contribute to the development of patellofemoral pain.
• Investigate the influence of exerted state running on lower extremity kinematics during the stance phase in runners with patellofemoral pain.

• Describe relevant anatomy, and the structural components of femoroacetabular impingement
• Explain factors associated with development of femoroacetabular impingement
• Discuss integration of manual therapies along with rehabilitation and lifestyle modification
• Outline what a successful treatment plan may look like for the non-surgical management of femoroacetabular impingement
• Analyze what factors my influence and necessitate modifications for treatment plans in individuals with femoroacetbular impingement syndrome

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Management of Common Conditions 244 through Management of Common Conditions 247

• Discuss up to date research on the etiology of PatelloFemoral Pain Syndrome
• Differentiate the diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome from other painful diagnosis of the knee
• Discuss what interventions are effective in managing patellofemoral pain syndrome
• Integrate manual techniques with rehabilitative techniques for optimal outcomes in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome
• Summarize optimal treatment strategies and plans for the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome

Hour One:

• List three non-musculoskeletal diagnoses that can affect the hip with referred pain.
• Describe two symptoms of axial spondyloarthropathy that may mimic posterior gluteal pain
• Describe sacral insufficiency.
• List three risk factors of statin involved muscle pain.

 Hour Two:

• Describe the key features of soft tissue posterior buttock pain.
• Describe the key features of peripheral nerve related posterior buttock pain.
• List three variable in the proposed CPR for lumbar radiculopathy.
• Describe the referral pattern of thoracolumbar involvement.

 Hour Three:

• List three symptoms of a labral defect of the hip.
• List two variables for the CPR of Osteoarthritis of the hip.
• List four factors documented in the clinical presentation of Gluteal tendinopathy.
• Describe four aspects of the pathomechanics for gluteal tendinopathy

• Explain the biomechanics of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate examination of the cervical spine
• Explain the mechanism of acceleration/deceleration impact
• Describe pathological conditions of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the cervical spine

• Explore the societal burden of headaches
• Rank the prevalence of common headache types
• Give examples of common lifestyle contributors to headache syndromes
• Recognize the difference between primary and secondary headaches
• Review clinical characteristics of common headache types
• Differentiate cervicogenic headache from occipital neuralgia
• Contrast trigeminal neuralgia and idiopathic facial pain
• Summarize relevant clinical history questions for headache patients
• Recognize red flags specific to headache patients
• Define ‘dizziness’, ‘vertigo’ and other related terms
• Review common differential diagnoses and assessment strategies for the dizzy or vertiginous patient
• Utilize a TiTrATE approach to differentially diagnose and/or classify dizzy patients
• Breakdown our contemporary understanding of cervicogenic dizziness
• Summarize current diagnostic criteria for cervicogenic dizziness
• Outline various physical examination procedures for evaluating cervical sensorimotor function
• Define and outline the defining features of sports-related concussion
• Outline the ‘neuro-metabolic cascade’ in concussion injuries
• Summarize known risk factors for concussion
• Contrast on-field versus in-clinic evaluation of concussion
• Explore various clinical tools for evaluating concussion (ex. SCAT5, CRT, VOMS)
• Identify and categorize common concussion symptoms
• Recognize risk factors for prolonged recovery from concussion
• Explore short- and long-term consequences of concussion
• Summarize contemporary concussion management considerations for chiropractors
• Appraise the reasons for concern relating to neck manipulation and stroke
• Classify cervical artery strokes
• Explore the epidemiology of cervical artery strokes
• Summarize best-evidence relating to the association between spinal manipulation and cervical artery stroke
• Outline relevant challenges and other factors relating to researching the relationship between neck manipulation and cervical artery stroke
• Define protopathic bias and how it relates to stroke and neck manipulation
• Critique potential mechanisms of injury relating to cervical manipulation and the cervical arteries
• Integrate best practices into your clinical approach for ruling our emergent stroke in neck pain and headache patients
• Review the HINTS examination as a mechanism to differentially diagnose acute vestibular syndrome
• Review the evidence on the appropriateness and efficacy of manual therapy for treating headaches
• Explore the literature pertaining to the complex interplay between cervical spine function and dizziness, persistent post-concussion symptoms, neck pain and headache
• Critique the literature pertaining to the management of cervicogenic dizziness
• Summarize existing evidence regarding the chiropractic management of concussion

• Explain the biomechanics of the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Administer thorough examination of the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Differentially diagnose the pathological conditions of the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Perform soft tissue treatments for the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Apply functional relationships of the elbow, wrist and hand to associated regions for thorough evaluation and treatment.

• Explain the biomechanics of the thoracic spine and ribs 
• Describe the examination of the thoracic spine and ribs 
• Describe the pathological conditions of the thoracic spine and ribs 
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the thoracic spine and ribs 
• Define functional relationships of the thoracic spine and ribs with associated regions

• Investigate the association between brain age and chronic low back pain duration and pain severity 
• Compare Medicare expenditures over time in older adults with chronic low back pain who initially receive opioid analgesic therapy versus spinal manipulation 
• Recognize the impact of spinal manipulation on escalation of care and risk of adverse drug events among older Medicare patients with chronic low back pain 
• Summarize existing clinical practice guidelines on fall prevention and management for older adults 
• Outline the neuroinflammatory contribution to the development of tissue damage and joint-related pain in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

• Discuss relevant anatomy associated with specific injuries to climbers
• Summarize common climbing movements and grip types
• Apply knowledge of relevant anatomy, movement, and grip types in discussing etiology of climbing injuries
• Differentiate common presentations of injuries in rock climbers
• Determine which presentations and etiologies require further interventions such as imaging, surgical consult etc..
• Briefly describe active management strategies and treatment plans for rock climbing injuries

• Summarize the recent NASS clinical guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain 
• Assess the literature to determine which mode(s) of exercise is/are best for treating chronic low back pain 
• Discuss the comparative effectiveness of currently available treatments for acute and subacute mechanical non-specific low back pain 
• Explore how clinicians can optimally facilitate self-management in patients with back pain 
• Evaluate the effectiveness of Foot Levelers shoe orthotics with and without chiropractic treatment for chronic low back pain as compared with no treatment

• Explain current best practices for the diagnosis and management of Achilles tendinopathy 
• Synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials to determine the clinical effectiveness of shockwave therapy, either as a monotherapy or part of a multimodal package of care for chronic mid- and insertional-Achilles tendinopathy 
• Appraise an international, multi-disciplinary consensus statement on return to sport decisions after lateral ankle injuries 
• Outline best practices in the management of plantar heel pain based on the latest evidence 
• Establish the effectiveness of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise for preventing hamstring injuries in athletes

• Explain the biomechanics of the lumbopelvic spine
• Describe the examination of the lumbopelvic spine
• Explain the mechanism of scoliosis
• Describe the pathological conditions of the lumbopelvic spine
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the lumbopelvic spine  

• Explain the biomechanics of the TMJ
• Describe the examination of the TMJ
• Describe the pathological conditions of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the TMJ
• Define functional relationships of the TMJ with associated regions

• Explain the biomechanics of the TMJ
• Describe the examination of the TMJ
• Describe the pathological conditions of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the TMJ
• Define functional relationships of the TMJ with associated regions

• Explain injury and healing of soft tissues
• Perform somatic technique and strain/counterstrain
• Utilize friction massage and post isometric relaxation
• Perform active release and myofascial release
• Apply trigger point ultrasound, exercise, stretching and manipulation

• Explain the biomechanics of the ankle and foot.
• Administer thorough examination of the ankle and foot.
• Differentially diagnose the pathological conditions of the ankle and foot.
• Perform soft tissue treatments for the ankle and foot.
• Apply functional relationships of the ankle and foot to associated regions for thorough evaluation and treatment.

• Compare headache criteria and classifications from the World Health Organization, International Headache Society and Cleveland Clinic for chronic, acute and traumatic headaches. 
• Explain primary and secondary headaches for patient comprehension and communication of their condition with other healthcare practitioners. 
• Devise appropriate history, examination and treatment protocols for your adult and child headache patient.
• Utilize Headache categories and criteria to accurately diagnose your patient’s condition for migraines, cluster headaches, tension headaches, medication induced headaches, traumatic headaches and more. 
• Determine headache sequela that may be emergencies for adult and youth headache sufferers.

• Explain the biomechanics of the shoulder
• Describe the examination of the shoulder
• Describe the pathological conditions of the shoulder
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the shoulder
• Define functional relationships of the shoulder with associated regions