Musculoskeletal

• Explain the causes behind Musculoskeletal Injuries
• Compare the minimum/maximum times during the Acute, Repair, and Remodeling Phase of Recovery
• Summarize protocols for acute inflammation
• Demonstrate a Kinetic Chain Assessment
• Explain why indirect cause of injury can be as disabling due to tissue overuse and overload
• Contrast and compare male vs female most common extremity injuries
• Contrast the differences between high school, collegiate, and professional athletic injuries
• Summarize how gold-standard management drives lower injury rates and duration
  

Nutrition

• Develop components of a typical healthy meal plan for athletes
• Differentiate between healthy and unhealthy food choices in each category of FAT, CHO, PRO
• Identify problem foods specific to the individual athlete
• Explain CHO loading and examples of high glycemic index foods
• Describe meal plan for post-exercise "window of recovery"
• Describe benefits and sources of branched chain amino acids for athletic recovery
• Explain purpose of omega 3 fatty acids during recovery phase of athletic activity
• Define components of female athlete triad
• List vitamins and minerals required to rebuild bone health in female athlete triad
• Name ergogenic nutrients acceptable to the World Anti-Doping Agency

Dehydration

• Explain difference between dehydration and hyponatremia
• Recognize early or acute signs and symptoms of dehydration and hyponatremia
• Discuss benefits of each method of determining hydration status
• Demonstrate treatment intervention for heat cramps
• Compare energy drink to sports drink

Concussion

• Define and recognize brain concussion, second impact syndrome, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
• Describe frequency of sports concussion and common duration of signs and symptoms.
• Describe all possible results of head trauma, including second impact syndrome, intracranial hematoma, skull fracture, brain contusion, cervical injury (both mild and dangerous)
• Differentiate and rule out dangerous results from head trauma.
• Demonstrate proper exam procedures following head trauma on field.
• Demonstrate proper exam procedures to clear the cervical spine on field.
• Perform the SCAT 3 exam and describe how it is to be used both on field and in the office.
• Describe how and why one performs serial exams after head trauma on field.
• Describe return to play protocols for concussed athletes.
• Describe prevention procedures for sports concussion.

• Describe the biomechanics of rotation of a thoracic ring at the levels T1-T7.
• Describe the biomechanics of the Cervical spine, Thoracic spine, ribs, clavicle and manubrium with elevation of the right or left shoulder.
• Describe the biomechanics of flexion and extension at the Costotransverse joint at T9.
• Describe the differences in motion of the mobile segments between T3 -T7 with side flexion occurring first in the Thoracic spine.

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Breathing Essentials 201 through Breathing Essentials 207

• Describe the physiology of breathing and how altered pH can affect the body.
• Describe two functions of the diaphragm.
• Identify limited chest expansion and Bradcliff angles and ski jumps
• Identify limited lateral costal breathing and how to facilitate normal lateral costal breathing

• Describe how altered breathing patterns can alter pH and how this can affect the body.
• Describe the autonomic nervous system and function.
• Name three physiological consequences of respiratory alkalosis.
• Describe suboptimal breathing patterns and their effect on the cervical spine and chronic pain.

• Name and describe the different types of sleep apnea.
• Describe the three levels of Apnea-hypopnea index AHI.
• List five symptoms of sleep apnea.
• List two treatments for sleep apnea.

• Describe the physiological response of aerobic exercise on the respiratory system.
• Describe the effect of running on the viscera and the diaphragm.
• Describe the response to inspiratory muscle fatigue on the body.
• List one device than may increase endurance of the respiratory muscles.

• Describe the anatomical structure of the diaphragm including innervation and blood supply.
• List four causes that may damage the innervation to the diaphragm and effect normal function.
• Describe the factors involved in Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness.
• Be able to describe the pros and cons of early mobilization in the ICU.

• Explore contemporary healthcare issues from the perspective of Robert Lustig, MA and John Abramson, MD.
• Integrate the relevance of these issues to the chiropractic profession.
• Evaluate at the concept of evidence-based “medicine,” especially the “randomized controlled trial,” and describe how it applies to the chiropractic profession.
• Discriminate recent examples of “randomized controlled trials,” especially as related to pain syndromes and opioid drugs.Discusss the importance of the 2021 Nobel Prize for the chiropractic profession and mechanical-based care.
• Detail the physiology of the Piezo1 mechanical receptor.
• Introduce the concepts of mechanical function and mechanical neurology.
• Integrate the importance of the cerebellum to mechanical integrity and mechanical based care.
• Explain a randomized clinical trial that supports mechanical-based chiropractic care for visceral physiology.
• Distinguish the basic physiology of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
• State the basic physiology of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
• Outline the basic physiology of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
• Integrate the balance of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin.
• Recite the relationship between the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Explore the concept of Heart Rate Variability (HRV).
• Integrate upper cervical chiropractic care, spinal chiropractic care, and HRV.

• Explain how beneficial commensal microbes support gastrointestinal health
• Describe the major components of the intestinal barrier
• Summarize the microbial composition of a typical stool sample
• Explain the role of comprehensive stool testing in assessing gastrointestinal health

• Recognize the three most common types of microbial dysbiosis
• Describe common factors that can reduce beneficial microbes and disrupt the intestinal barrier
• Assess pathogens and opportunistic microbes identified with comprehensive stool testing
• Discuss how the selection of microbial testing methodology may affect the identification of pathogens and opportunists
• Outline therapeutic approaches that address common dysbiosis types identified via comprehensive stool testing

• This course contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Functional Medicine and Nutrition Virtual Classroom 201 through 210

• Describe the current epidemiologic trends in autoimmune incidence, morbidity and mortality.
• Associate the linkage between autoimmune disease prevalence and factors including the GI microbiota composition, food immune reactions, stealth infections, molecular mimicry, lack of early diverse antigen exposure, and other elements.
• Examine the available clinical laboratory testing related to autoimmune disease risk assessment, diagnosis, and clinical management, including qPCR molecular-based evaluation of the GI microbiota.
• Explain the difference between quantitative molecular testing (qPCR) versus next-generation sequencing of the GI microbiota in the support of clinical decision making.
• Appraise the available evidence-based integrative and complementary therapeutic interventions for autoimmune disorders.

• Describe the current common routes and mechanisms of toxic exposure for individuals living in the industrialized world.
• Associate the linkage between chronic diseases, including mitochondrial dysfunction, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer and others with increased levels of exposure to various environmental and food toxins.
• Examine the available clinical laboratory testing related to toxic load and related disease risk assessment, diagnosis, and clinical management using various lifestyle and nutritional approaches.
• Explain the difference between the various methods to assess toxic burden and detoxification at the level of the individual in the support of clinical decision making.
• Appraise the available evidence-based integrative and complementary therapeutic interventions for lowering toxic load and improving detoxification function.

Hour 1

• Describe the general diagnostic criteria of Metabolic Syndrome and CVD.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the enhanced diagnostic criteria and the importance of investigating these potential earlier markers.
• Demystify the “Cholesterol and HDL hypothesis” and explain the compensation mechanisms of the body for this.
• Recognize the biometric and physical signs of the progressive nature of CVD, CHD and MetS.
• Investigate Lifestyle Modification Programs as the major intervention strategy for the reversal and stagnation of these comorbidities. 

• Describe the general dietary interventions of Metabolic Syndrome and CVD.
• Demonstrate an understanding of sodium/salt as it relates to CVD/HTN.
• Demystify the confusion of major supplements and foods as it relates to CVD/HTN. 
• Recognize the associations between insomnia and CVD, CHD and MetS.
• Investigate various peer reviewed studies and the outcomes of nutritional interventions.  

• Provide an understanding of the clinical applications of biochemical/metabolic evaluations to determine a patient’s hormonal status
• Explain the differences between various assessments of hormonal status
• Evaluate hormonal imbalances and disorders
• Evaluate nutrient needs in metabolic disorders Plan and monitor nutrient interventions to correct abnormalities found by the tests

• Describe the origin of mitochondria from an evolutionary perspective.
• Understand the critical role that the thyroid plays in metabolism and how this relates to healthy mitochondrial function.
• Explain how to test for mitochondrial function/dysfunction.
• Show how living in a thermos neutral modern society contributes to obesity.
• Recognize how antibiotics can damage mitochondria and how that can play a role in obesity.
• Give examples of toxins/drugs that can adversely affect mitochondria.

• Describe how common mitochondrial genetic problems are in the general population.
• Explain how mitochondria are needed to produce glutathione and why glutathione is needed for healthy mitochondria.
• Discover how oxidative stress can be both good and bad for the body.
• Discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in a variety of diseases ranging from Parkinson’s, Cancer, NASH, Alzheimer’s, Autism and Diabetes.
• Discover key ways to optimize mitochondrial function in patients.

• Describe the associations of micronutrient deficiencies as it relates mental health disorders.
• Demonstrate an understanding of major prescriptive medications and their negative influence on mental health disorders. 
• Explain the overlap of certain pathophysiological conditions and mental health disorders.
• Recognize the current lack of proper diagnosis of mental health disorder.

• Describe the associations of micronutrient and nutritional deficiencies as it relates mental health disorders.
• Demonstrate an understanding of the major biochemical pathways, their enzymes and nutritional elements as it relates to psychological issues.
• Explain the importance of fatty acids in mental health disorders.
• Recognize the current lack of proper nutritional interventions as it pertains to TBI, mTBI and PCS.

• Provide an understanding of the clinical applications of biochemical/metabolic evaluations to determine a patient’s status of nutrients, toxicants and cell regulators, and functional gastrointestinal status.
• Explain the differences between various assessments of element status
• Evaluate specific nutrient deficiency states
• Determine weaknesses in digestive, assimilative and intestinal microbiological status
• Plan and monitor nutrient interventions to correct abnormalities found by the tests

• Define and explain the difference between "calories in, calories out" versus the “carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity”. Discuss the causes of increased intestinal permeability in competitive athletes and identify strategies to combat the condition. Identify the energy intake athletes require by calculating their total energy expenditure.
• Recall the quality and function of macronutrients and their role in physical performance.
• Describe common micronutrient deficiencies seen in competitive athletes and identify strategies to prevent such occurrences.

• Summarize the physiological energy and macronutrient requirements of the sprint/power athlete and game-playing athlete. Identify supplement strategies to support the sprint/power athlete and game-playing athlete.
• Summarize the physiological energy and macronutrient requirements of the endurance athlete.
• Identify supplement strategies to support the endurance athlete.
• Outline an effective whole food diet to support competitive athletes.

• Describe the secondary metabolites in whole foods.
• Understand the role of phytochemicals.
• Demonstrate an understanding of how they interact with our cells.
• Explain how to preserve them during cooking.

• Recognize the challenges caused by ultra-processed foods
• Identify the compounds in the Brassicaceae family
• Explain the health benefits of sulforaphane
• Explain the importance of preserving secondary metabolites
• Recognize the benefits of the fungal kingdom

Hour 1

• Describe the characteristics and mechanisms of actions of essential oils.
• Explain several key controversies in aromatherapy and the implications.
• Generalize the safety and quality issues surrounding the clinical use of essential oils.
• Compare the various modes of applications of essential oils.
• Summarize the pharmacology and biotransformation of essential oils and its constituents.
• Recognize the potential interactions of essential oils with medications and nutraceuticals.

Hour 2 

• Generalize the various considerations for prescribing essential oils.
• Calculate equivalent dosages of essential oils using several different units of measurement.
• Apply the guidelines for appropriate prescribing the internal use of essential oils.
• Determine the proper application and dosage for various essential oils used for digestive health.
• Specify the usage and dose determination for essential oils for mental health.

• Analyze the concept of central pain processing and the consequences of dysfunction of descending inhibition.
• Associate FM with trauma and abuse, depression, anxiety, sleep disorder and pain processing disorders with emphasis on limbic system dysfunction, aberrant stress physiology, and ultimate failure of descending anti-nociception. 
• Assess the difference between regionalized somatic pain and true central allodynia
• Describe the accurate differential diagnosis of patients presenting with suspicion of FMS
• Identify common subsets of clinical disorders that may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of FMS (i.e., “pseudo” FMS)

• Describe and Identify the functional medicine approach to common pediatric problems
• Develop a comprehensive functional medicine assessment and treatment of common pediatric problems such as constipation, headaches and migraines, upper respiratory infections and otitis media, food sensitivities, allergies, asthma and atopy
• Examine the salient features of history, physical examination and laboratory testing to best implement functional medicine interventions to common pediatric problems
• Utilize a functional medicine approach to assess what each child may need to get or get rid of to treat each of these common pediatric problems 
• Summarize the literature supporting the use of functional medicine in pediatrics
• Recognize the four pillars of a functional medical approach to chronic pediatric illness – gastroenterologic, immunologic, metabolic and neurologic
• Classify and explain the importance of the genetic and genomic susceptibilities/predisposition and environmental triggers of chronic pediatric illnesses
• Utilize a functional medicine approach to assessing and treating chronic pediatric disease such as ADHD, Autism, Autoimmune Encephalitis, Anxiety, Allergy and Atopy
• Interpret the literature citations and develop protocols based on emerging evidence supporting a functional medicine approach to these chronic pediatric problems
• Appraise the assessment and management of the importance of the microbiome in immune tolerance, allergy and autoimmunity.

• Discuss the catecholamine pathway will be presented in an organized fashion with emphasis on real world applications. 
• Review clinical case studies. 
• Assess different genetic mutations within the catecholamine pathway . 
• Individualize treatment plans in practice. 
• Demonstrate a basic road map of the catecholamine pathway. 
• Use genetic parsing software and the tools attained form this course to highlight and modulate genes/SNPs of interest. 
• Derive natural therapeutic agents to modulate epigenetic expression. 
• Utilize basic nutrigenomic assessment and treatment knowledge in the catecholamine pathway.

• Define and explain the different terms that identify exercise intensity and their relationship to maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max).
• Discuss the history of exercise physiology and how technology influenced research and ultimately, exercise guidelines.
• Differentiate the physiological responses to sprint interval training and to low-to-moderate intensity continuous training.
• Reconstruct a lay explanation to patients and/or clients of why sprint interval training is an extremely effective strategy for improving overall health and fitness.
• Summarize key research studies that support sprint interval training.

Hour 2

• Recognize additional research that supports sprint interval training.
• Identify key physiological benefits of sprint interval training.
• Recall important case study benefits.
• Outline effective overall strategies for implementing sprint interval training.
• Distinguish appropriate sprint interval exercises for differing populations.

Hour 1:

• Summarize the differences between genomics, genetics, and epigenetics
• Illustrate how genomics can affect risk and outcomes in auto-immune and inflammatory conditions
• Interpret relative function of genes based on presence of relevant SNPs
• Identify genes and SNPS involved in autoimmune disease and chronic inflammation
• Assess Dietary, Lifestyle and Herb/Nutrient recommendations based on genomics

 Hour 2:

• Apply nutritional genomics in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
• Outline basic disease pathogenesis in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
• Explain which genes and SNPs are relevant depending on the clinical scenario
• Assess other contributors to chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease

• Discuss ethical standards of insurance reporting and coding
• Illustrate how documentation can affect state board complaints
• Discuss why insurance companies file complaints against chiropractors
• Discuss why patients file board complaints against chiropractors
• Define the Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR)
• Illustrate taking a thorough history using the OPQRST method
• Discuss the components of the ortho/neuro exam

Hours 1 - 3

• Discuss ethical standards of insurance reporting and coding
• Illustrate how documentation can affect state board complaints
• Discuss why insurance companies file complaints against chiropractors
• Discuss why patients file board complaints against chiropractors
• Define the Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR)
• Illustrate taking a thorough history using the OPQRST method
• Discuss the components of the ortho/neuro exam

• Discuss the misrepresentation of certain orthopedic tests
• Illustrate sensitivity and specificity of orthopedic tests
• Define the 2021 changes to Evaluation and Management codes
• Discuss the differences between using time vs. medical decision making for E/M
• Distinguish between subjective and objective outcome assessments Illustrate methods of proving medical necessity
• Illustrate the CMS requirements of chiropractic documentation
• Illustrate condition-specific functional outcome questionnaires
• Define the A of P.A.R.T. from Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services
• Define the R of P.A.R.T. from Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services
• Illustrate the different methods of evaluating spinal range of motion
• Define the T of P.A.R.T. from Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services
• Describe the timing of the first re-assessment
• Demonstrate proper coding for range of motion measurements
• Describe the P.A.R.T. format of documentation
• Define the P of P.A.R.T. from Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services
• Describe the concept of outcome assessments in clinical practice

• Illustrate different outcome assessments for the T of P.A.R.T
• Demonstrate the POMR and P.A.R.T. formats for the initial patient encounter
• Integrate the POMR and P.A.R.T. formats for subsequent patient encounters
• Discuss proper diagnosing in notes and on a claim form
• Define the short, moderate and long-term diagnoses for Medicare
• Define proper Assessments
• Illustrate how to determine an assessment for each condition
• Illustrate complicating factors that can be documented for each condition

• Illustrate the two types of Plan
• Discuss common therapeutic modalities
• Demonstrate proper documentation for time-based codes
• Illustrate how to document measurable treatment goals
• Describe the red flags of a record review
• Demonstrate the determination of causation for a motor vehicle collision
• Discuss the different mechanisms of injury for motor vehicle collisions
• Discuss some of the key value drivers of Colossus
• Discuss the difference between impairment and disability
• Illustrate the determination of the end of justifiable treatment
• Define the main components of an impairment evaluation
• Illustrate Duties Under Duress and Loss of Enjoyment
• Illustrate the important diagnoses for personal injury cases
• Define the 5 Colossus prognoses
• Demonstrate the 5 grades of injury severity for the Croft Guidelines for the Treatment of CAD Injuries

• Integrate infection, evolution, immunity, inflammation, fibrosis, blood flow, mitochondria, ATP, oxidative stress, and DNA.
• Integrate mechanical integrity in gravity, weight, load, levers, posture, mechanoreception, mechanotransduction, mechanobiology, tensegrity, neurology, blood flow, and DNA.
• Justify high vegetable, low lectin, low glycemic dietary habits, and their influence on physiology.
• Summarize problems with refined carbohydrates, monosodium glutamate, aspartame, and chemical toxins.
• Support high intensity interval training, weight lifting, brain derived neurotrophic factor, human growth hormone, and interleukin-10.
• Explain the biphasic nature of laser photon therapy, wavelength, frequency, speed of light, fluence, penetration, secondary and primary physiological influences.
• Develop the relationship between mitochondria, free radicals, ATP, cytochrome c oxidase enzyme, and laser photon therapy
• Justify why all people need between 5-8 different supplements and explain why.
• Diagram a protocol for influencing immunology and the brain through the intestinal tract; integrating the vagus nerve and the nucleus tractus solitarius.
• Integrate a protocol for brain function that discusses trauma, degenerative, and vascular compromise.
• Demonstrate a protocol for chronic low back pain that integrates the intervertebral disc, posture, mechanics, exercise, and laser therapy.
• Support a protocol for acute whiplash that includes applying controlled motion and anti-inflammation strategies.
• Apply a protocol for remodeling scar tissue and the fibrosis of repair.

• Review common conditions and how low-level laser affects treatment outcome
• Describe the Opioid Epidemic
• Discuss Low Level Laser Therapy FDA Clearances
• Analyze FDA Study details and research validation
• Perform myotome Testing - Neck and Shoulder 
• Utilize 635 nm red correction
• Perform Myotome Testing - Neck and Shoulder
• Utilitze 405 nm FDA Clearance correction
• Utilize 405 nm identifying hidden weaknesses
• Demonstrate Soft tissue/percussion - Neck and Shoulder
• Explain laser physics at a cellular level
• Perform myotome Testing - Low Back 
• Utilize 635 nm red correction
• Demonstrate Soft tissue/percussion - Lower back
• Discuss Low Level Laser Therapy FDA Clearance Plantar Fasciitis
• Utilize rehabilitation - Slant Board / Calf Master
• Identify normal vs abnormal length and strengthen the low physical capacity related to foot/knee symptoms of the patient
• Recite PubMed studies in regard to the health benefits of scoring and improving structure and soft tissue
• Examine how your physical capacity score predicts Activities of Daily Living and health outcomes
• Discuss a neuro-mechanical treatment approach
• Provide nutritional support for your patients

• Identify the common threads of most health challenges that patients are currently presenting with in our offices.
• Examine the facets and protocols that are most effective for mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and chronic pain syndromes.
• Apply practical applications of Low Level Laser Therapy or photobiomodulation for the improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing systemic inflammatory cascades, and improving overall quality of life.
• Integrate the most researched skill sets and protocols to achieve powerful results.
• Test inflammatory markers to determine proper treatment protocols and efficacy.
• Compare the level of weakness for brachial and lumbar plexus before and after treatments.
• Measure the degree of neuroinflammation and its impact on cerebellar function with the sway test.
• Assess cognitive decline accurately with Montreal cognitive assessment form and specific lab
• Application of Low Level Laser Therapy to chronic pain syndromes of the plantar fascia.
• Solve the issue of chronic pain with FDA approved Low Level Laser Therapy
• Predict the recovery time for specific conditions for treatment plan accuracy.
• Utilize and blend these proven methods to take your confidence and clinical outcomes to a higher level.

• Recognize areas of risk and liability within Personal Injury cases
• Identify common med-legal concerns
• Recognize various important components associated with the Personal Injury history
• Improve the accuracy and thoroughness of the initial Personal Injury history
• Examine and document common Personal Injury traumatic injuries 
• Create a plan to minimize patient risk and improve provider outcomes
• Recognize the versatility and benefits of low level laser therapy for musculoskeletal injuries  
• Develop clinical protocols for low lever laser application and documentation for musculoskeletal injuries  
• Recognize conditions, injuries and symptoms requiring advanced imaging 
• Apply diagnostics and humanize trauma cases
• Discover the importance and relevance of Personal Injury case management 
• Identify opportunities for improved clinical decision making and case management

• Summarize the differences between the effects of 635 nm laser and 405 nm laser
• Illustrate effective protocols with the laser and exercises to support each condition
• Discuss case studies to demonstrate potential therapeutic outcomes
• Summarize the results of the level 1, double blind study that showed the effectiveness of class 2 635 nm for chronic pain and inflammation
• Discuss how inflammation can lead to many chronic musculoskeletal conditions that affect people in the United States
• Use lab testing to identify inflammation
• Illustrate treatment applications and contraindications
• Identify the conditions that respond to laser therapy for support, the research that supports them, and to identify which conditions are either not supported with laser therapy or are contraindicated
• Aggregate which class of lasers can be used for support and which are contraindicated
• Generate a treatment plan with lasers for different musculoskeletal conditions
• Categorize the negative impacts of scar tissue on range of motion, pain, and function
• Classify which conditions are contraindications and which types of lasers are contraindicated 
• Summarize the changes that occur in scar tissue and when movement of tissue or a joint triggers pain for a prolonged period
• Apply low level laser to musculoskeletal injuries that respond well to low level laser
• Summarize the studies that have been published on PubMed for these conditions being supported with lasers
• Set up methods and treatment protocols for several conditions
• Summarize the studies that showed improvement from laser therapy in performance metrics like muscle strength, endurance, and recovery
• Comprehend the studies that show a 25 to 35% faster recovery for several sports injuries and auto accident injuries when laser therapy is applied
• Use laser therapy with athletes in the office both for injuries and for performance enhancement by rehabilitating their balance and coordination with lasers

Hour 1

• Breakdown the implications of inflammation on epigenetics and relate inflammation to genetic damage and musculoskeletal disease.
• Develop a plan for clinical anti-inflammatory protocols

Hour 2

• Interpret blood chemistry markers related to inflammation, and translate into laymen’s terms for patient understanding.
• Devise office strategies for obtaining blood chemistry markers, delivering the report of findings to the patient
• Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the gut-brain axis, distinguish the molecular players in gut-brain axis syndromes, and identify behavioral modifications and nutritional therapies
• Demonstrate knowledge of calcium ions as an egregious free radicals

Hour 3

• Identify blood chemistry markers
• Differentiate between different classes of lasers, Class I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV lasers, and outline the therapeutic effects of each

Hour 4

• Explain the difference between nIR and fIR saunas, and identify key physiological mechanisms
• Discuss Low Level Laser Therapy wavelengths as they pertain to various upregulation of metabolic functions, and integrate into the health of the body.
• Differentiate between Class 1, Class 2, Class 3R, Class 3B, and Class 4 lasers, and determine proper clinical application of each laser
• Develop plans to calculate Joules of output for various lasers using physics, and demonstrate fundamental understanding of laser frequency output to address various clinical cases.

Hour 5

• Discuss Clinical Cases and outcomes citing specific patient histories and medical studies from the National Institute of Health and PubMed.com; integrate these ideas and extrapolate health plans into current clinical situations.
• Discuss how low level laser therapy affects the body
• Discuss supplementation and integrate effective neuroprotective supplementation protocols in a clinical setting based on the work of the world’s best universities’ studies

Hour 6

• Outline the basic types of intermittent fasting, relate to patient goals as determined in nutritional consultations, and design intermittent fasting protocols for clinical settings.
• Summarize the concepts of ketosis, brain energy utilization, and neuroprotection; relate to medium-chain triglyceride consumption.

• Build the ultimate back: from chronic back pain to high performance
• Evaluate exercise’s effect on hormones and human performance
• Create a flowchart explaining laser therapy and its application during the correlated stages of healing
• Review the newest laser research and its clinical applicability
• Apply neurodynamic tests and advanced corrective laser protocols
• Evaluate techniques for non-invasive fat reduction
• Elucidate the science of different types of fasting
• Utilize advanced clinical breakthroughs in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries
• Implement strategies to initiate the positive impact of gut health on the musculoskeletal system
• View hands-on reproducible, implementable protocols 
• Incorporate laser effectively into your practice
• Assess intestinal and blood-brain barrier dysfunction
• Integrate leading-edge protocols for SIBO
• Identify modern lifestyle and environmental triggers that affect the gut brain axis

Hour 1

• Discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, and symptoms of trauma and post-auto whiplash.
• Translate how low-level laser impacts inflammation and trauma.
• Explain modern neuron theory and how low-level laser can optimize cellular communication within the PNS/CNS.
• Conceptualize how to change the brain and body by using low-level laser and sensory inputs to modify central circuitry.

Hour 2

• Discuss the interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
• Explain how changes in autonomic function affect the brain and body following trauma.
• Share relevant research about the gut/brain connection.
• Give an overview of the neuroinflammatory cascade of trauma and how low-level laser impacts inflammatory processes.

Hour 3

• Discuss the anatomy/physiology of the cerebellum and it’s integration with the cervical spine.
• Outline how changes in cerebellar function and the cervical spine affect the brain and body following trauma
• Explain how low-level laser therapy can optimize structural, neurological, and metabolic parameters following trauma.
• Create a greater understanding for providers to know how to utilize their skillset to treat complex cases.

Hour 4

• Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the visual and vestibular systems.
• Identify how changes in the visual and vestibular system affect the brain and body following trauma.
• Share mechanisms and treatment applications for utilizing low-level laser therapy.
• Create awareness around the modern utilization of structural, neurological, and metabolic treatment paradigms for complex cases.

Hour 1:

• Integrate the following concepts as it pertains to laser therapy:  wavelength, frequency, speed of light, fluence, penetration, secondary and primary physiological influences
• Contrast the differences between thermal and non-thermal laser therapy

Hour 2:

• Conceptualize the relationship between mitochondria, free radicals, ATP, cytochrome coxidase enzyme, and laser photon therapy
• Explain the biphasic nature of laser therapy

Hour 3:

• Introduce evidence as to the integrative physiology between chiropractic care for musculoskeletal pain syndromes and improved systemic health.
• Develop a neuroanatomical and neurophysiological model for the influence of spinal mechanical function with visceral neurology.

Hour 4:

• Correlate upper cervical spine symmetry and the function of the nucleus tractus solitarius of the vagus nerve.
• Explore the mechanical, vascular and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics as related to spinal anatomy.

Hour 5:

• Show the history and modern-day evidence for the influence of exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic field waveforms.
• Detail the two most plausible mechanisms of exposure non-ionizing electromagnetic field waveforms on human biology.

Hour 6:

• Explore the various relationships from a functional neurological perspective.
• Contrast the relationship between various neurochemicals

Hour 7:

• Justify why many people need between 5-8 different supplements and explain why.
• Connect the link between dietary lectins, leak gut, systemic inflammation and autoimmune conditions.

Hour 8:

• Explain some of the physiological complications to COVID-19.
• Review studies that explain the biological plausibility related to COVID-19.

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Laser 215 through Laser 216

Hour 1

• Discuss the physiology associated with laser therapy
• Describe the electron transport chain
• Examine common cervical and plexus pathologies through orthopedic and soft tissue testing
• Treat the scapular area using non-thermal lasers
• Outline a description of electron volts

Hour 2

• Summarize important factors regarding wavelengths relative to using laser therapy
• Describe mitochondiral function
• Recognize damage to mitochondria and appreciate its role in disease
• Examine patients with potential upper extremity nerve entrapments using orthopedic testing, soft tissue testing 

Hour 3

• Discuss neuron receptors
• Explain pain to patients
• Identify soft tissue structures
• Summarize the function of progenitor cells

Hour 4

• Perform an evaluation of the shoulder
• Perform an evaluation of the elbow
• Perform an evaluation of the wrist and the hand
• Perform an evaluation of the lower extremities

• Recognize lumbar disc signs and symptoms.
• Differentiate disc prolapse from disc extrusion.
• Identify anatomical structures related to lumbar disc conditions.
• Describe neuro-muscular physiology as it relates to disc injuries.
• Determine appropriate exam procedures for diagnosing disc conditions.
• Assess static range of motion coupled with cross-plane evaluation.
• Analyze dynamic joint motion using outcome-based assessment tools.
• Interpret manual muscle testing using eccentric break testing protocols.
• Grade muscle tone and discover muscle palpation techniques.
• Interpret neurological tests to determine levels of disc involvement.
• Design treatment plans based on exam findings.
• Apply manual manipulation techniques to address the lumbo-pelvic joint lesions.
• Demonstrate manual methods to reduce abdominal and pelvic muscular dysfunction.
• Create new muscle memory patterns to correct chronic conditions.
• Compare pre- and post- treatment findings to support care plans.

• Discuss different types of lumbar stretching and their effects.
• Define therapeutic stretching goals, protocols and precautions for the lumbar spine.
• Measure lumbar pain, agility and joint crepitus associated with therapeutic stretching.
• Apply lumbo-pelvic circumduction training to improve disc related joint mobility.
• Integrate PreActive therapeutic stretching techniques to reduce lumbo-pelvic muscle tension.
• Devise strengthening protocols for the lumbo-pelvic region using graduated isometric protocols.
• Discuss mobility during lumbar traction to reduce disc pressure.
• Compare static traction versus dynamic traction.
• Define contra-indications for decompression therapy of the lumbar spine.
• Apply appropriate lumbar decompression therapy to various patient populations.
• Demonstrate lumbar mobility training exercises used to enhance decompression effectiveness.
• Justify reimbursement through accurate documentation of lumbar disc treatment progression.
• Diagnose lumbar disc conditions with clarity.
• Select outcome-based assessment tools to monitor patient progress.
• Illustrate lumbar range of motion and muscle testing deficiencies concisely.
• Summarize patient status for lumbar mobility, crepitus and pain intensity.

• Recognize concussion signs and symptoms.
• Differentiate concussion grades.
• Identify anatomical structures related to concussions.
• Describe pathophysiology as it relates to concussions.
• Determine appropriate exam procedures for diagnosing concussions.
• Apply diagnostic skills to on-field and clinic settings.
• Interpret diagnostic tests to evaluate concussion progress.
• Design treatment plans based on exam findings.
• Demonstrate manual manipulation techniques to address concussion symptoms.
• Compare pre- and post-treatment findings to support care plans.

• Discuss neurophysiology of musculoskeletal dysfunction.
• Create new memory patterns to restore neuromascular integration.
• Demonstrate manual methods to reduce muscular dysfunction.
• Address cranial nerve lesions with manipulation techniques.
• Introduce the half-somersault maneuver for vertigo relief.

• NOTE: Recommend taking Management of Common Conditions 203 prior to taking this course.

• Recognize cervical disc signs and symptoms.
• Differentiate disc prolapse from disc extrusion.
• Identify anatomical structures related to cervical disc conditions.
• Describe neuro-muscular physiology as it relates to disc injuries.
• Determine appropriate exam procedures for diagnosing disc conditions.
• Assess static range of motion coupled with cross-plane evaluation.
• Analyze dynamic joint motion using outcome-based assessment tools.
• Interpret manual muscle testing using eccentric break testing protocols.
• Develop muscle palpation skills and grade muscle tonicity.
• Interpret neurological tests to determine levels of disc involvement.
• Design treatment plans based on exam findings.
• Apply manual manipulation techniques to address the cervical joint lesions.
• Demonstrate manual methods to reduce cervical muscular dysfunction.
• Create new muscle memory patterns to correct chronic conditions.
• Compare pre- and post-treatment findings to support care plans.

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Management of Common Conditions 204 through Management of Common Conditions 209

• Discuss different types of cervical stretching and their effects.
• Define therapeutic stretching goals, protocols and precautions for the cervical spine.
• Measure cervical pain, agility and joint crepitus associated with therapeutic stretching.
• Integrate PreActive therapeutic stretching techniques to reduce cervical muscle tension and improve disc related joint mobility.
• Devise strengthening protocols for the cervical region using graduated isometric protocols.
• Discuss cervical mobility during traction to reduce disc pressure.
• Compare static traction versus dynamic traction of the cervical spine.
• Define contra-indications for cervical decompression therapy.
• Apply appropriate cervical decompression therapy to various patient populations.
• Demonstrate cervical mobility training exercises used to enhance decompression effectiveness.
• Justify reimbursement through accurate documentation of cervical disc treatment progression.
• Diagnose cervical disc conditions with clarity.
• Select outcome-based assessment tools to monitor patient progress for cervical conditions.
• Illustrate cervical range of motion and muscle testing deficiencies concisely.
• Summarize patient status for cervical mobility, crepitus and pain intensity.

• Summarize the relationship between glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder micro-instability
• Effectively diagnose SLAP tears, posterior impingement, scapula dyskinesis and shoulder mico-instability using screening and clinical tests.
• Cite common pitching pathomechanics and describe their association with specific elbow injuries.
• Paraphrase the peel back model for SLAP tears
• Relate proper pitching biomechanics with injury prevention strategies for the adolescent overhead athlete

• Define and differentiate the anatomical relationship between the rotator cuff muscles and the glenohumeral joint capsule
• Gain deeper insight into the causes and treatment of scapula dyskinesia
• Describe and perform contemporary scapula mobilization techniques
• Apply innovative soft tissue mobilization techniques to patients with shoulder hypomobility
• Perform soft tissue mobilization techniques for sub deltoid bursitis

• Classify functional anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder - scapula complex
• Apply current strategies for the evaluation of patients with scapular disorders
• Perform innovative  scapular mobilization techniques for the patient with scapular dyskinesia
• Differentiate the relationship between scapular dyskinesia, soft tissue/muscle tightness, and shoulder pathology
• Integrate a systematic scapular muscle training program / protocol for patients with scapular dyskinesia

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Management of Common Conditions 208 through Management of Common Conditions 211

• Discuss the prevalence and etiology of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD)
• Define the anatomy of the TMJ and surrounding facial structures.
• Recognize the three most common causes of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) seen within the chiropractic practice.
• Outline various types of pain referral sources to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
• Evaluate the TMJ using physical examination procedures
• Compare and contrast TMJ synovitis and capsulitis
• Distinguish the difference between anterior disc displacements with and without reduction
• Describe standard imaging processes ordered for specific TMJ conditions
• Outline various conservative management options for temporomandibular disorders
• Construct a treatment plan for a typical patient with temporomandibular dysfunction
• Apply specific myofascial techniques for the muscles of mastication
• Define the co-management care of a dental professional with patients presenting temporomandibular joint dysfunction

• Discuss the state of the literature on common treatment options for adhesive capsulitis
• Apply an effective and streamlined exercise program in the management of subacromial impingement
• Recognize the value of radial nerve mobilization in patients with thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis
• Appraise the potential value of adding low-level laser therapy to other interventions for subacromial impingement
• Summarize the state of the literature regarding Kinesiotape for preventing sports injuries

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Management of Common Conditions 210 through Management of Common Conditions 215

• Understand the basics of Lyme disease
• Review the literature and studies available in summarized format
• Understand the current complications with testing procedures
• Recognize cases that may present as chronic neuromusculoskeletal conditions may have an additional differential diagnosis of Lyme disease
• Apply non-prescription nutritional supplement recommendations to patients with acute or chronic Lyme disease

Hour 1

• Determine appropriate protocols for patient progress.
• Discuss tools to reduce vertigo symptoms.
• Incorporate nutritional support for better brain function.
• Utilize brain therapy programs to improve cognition.
• Apply traction therapy to reduce intrathecal pressure.
• Introduce vision evaluation testing tools.

Hour 2

• Incorporate gaze stabilization exercises for oculomotor function. Evaluate balance and stability with a variety of tools.
• Demonstrate balance exercises to improve proprioception.
• Discuss cardio exercise to stimulate blood flow and neogenesis.
• Apply cervical strength protocols using graduated isometrics.

Hour 3

• Apply jaw exercises to reduce TMJ symptoms.
• Discuss post-exercise therapy recovery strategies.
• Demonstrate mobility exercises to improve joint function.
• Integrate therapeutic stretching protocols to improve agility.
• Illustrate self release techniques to enhance mobility.

• Present literature based dietary recommendations for Parkinson’s disease symptom management
• Discuss literature based exercise recommendations for Parkinson’s disease symptom management, with an emphasis on aerobic exercise
• Review the literature regarding acupuncture for Parkinson’s disease symptom management
• Discuss lifestyle modifications that can be helpful with Parkinson’s disease symptom management

Hour 1

• Discuss shoulder anatomy.
• Differentiate the causes of shoulder pain
• Assess joint mobility and muscle function.
• Apply manual manipulation to reduce shoulder dysfunction.
• Incorporate rehab techniques to restore strength and flexibility.

Hour 2

• Discuss scapulo-thoracic anatomy.
• Define the causes of scapulo-thoracic pain.
• Assess joint mobility and muscle function.
• Apply manual manipulation to reduce scapular dysfunction.
• Introduce rehab techniques to restore strength and mobility.

Hour 3

• Discuss gleno-humeral anatomy.
• Define the causes of gleno-humeral pain.
• Assess joint mobility and muscle function.
• Apply manual manipulation to reduce joint dysfunction.
• Introduce rehab techniques to restore strength and mobility.

Hour 1

• Discuss concussion causes and pathophysiology.
• Introduce return to play guidelines.
• Explore other return to lifestyle guidelines.
• Understand modifying factors for RTP.
• Examine concussion grading procedures.

Hour 2

• Review tools for concussion evaluation.
• Understand the health concerns of pediatric athletes.
• Incorporate strategies for pediatric patients.
• Apply pediatric RTP guidelines for football.

Hour 3

• Investigate medico-legal issues of RTP.
• Explore appropriate documentation standards.
• Read state concussion law development.
• Compare professional Position Papers.
• Discuss the role of Chiropractors.

Hour 1

• Describe techniques and principles of examination for peripheral joints
• Identify important surface anatomy of the shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand
• Identify normal range of motion of the joints of the upper extremity
• Describe how to perform an examination of the upper extremity
• Recognize common musculoskeletal abnormalities 

Hour 2

• Outline special maneuvers for the evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome
• Outline special maneuvers for the evaluation of shoulder impingement syndrome
• Identify important landmarks necessary for the exam of lower extremities
• Describe the physical examination technique for the lower extremities
• Interpret normal findings, including range of motion of the hip, knee and ankle
• Recognize some common abnormal findings through physical examination
• Describe some special maneuvers for examination of the hip, knee and ankle

Hour 3

• Outline special maneuvers for the evaluation of knee instability.
• Outline special maneuvers for the evaluation of an inversion ankle sprain
• Distinguish the differences between anterior interosseous membrane syndrome and tibial stress fracture.
• Design a treatment plan for acute patients with myofascial dysfunction for the upper and lower extremities.

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Management of Common Conditions 216 through Management of Common Conditions 221

Hour 1

• Describe pathophysiology as it relates to concussions. 
• Discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of concussions.
• Review concussion red flags and dangers of manipulation.
• Understand the health concerns of pediatric athletes.
• Explore diagnostic tests to evaluate concussion status.

Hour 2

• Demonstrate non-thrust treatment techniques.
• Introduce the half-somersault maneuver for vertigo relief.
• Address cranial nerve lesions with manipulation techniques.
• Explore sleep strategies for concussed patients.
• Incorporate nutritional support for better brain function.
• Discuss cardio exercise to stimulate blood flow to the brain.

Hour 3

• Apply mobility exercises to improve musculoskeletal function.
• Integrate PreActive StretchingSM protocols to improve agility.
• Explain return to lifestyle guidelines.
• Understand modifying factors for RTP.
• Compare professional Position Papers.
• Discuss the role of Chiropractors and concussions.

• Update the findings of the Neck Pain Task Force (NPTF) and examine the effectiveness of interventions for the management of headache in patients with neck pain
• Assess the effectiveness of conservative interventions for cervicogenic headache
• Examine the extent to which changes in specific cervical spine impairments contribute to the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of treatment for chronic tension-type headache
• Evaluate existing evidence regarding the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of physical examination tests used for diagnosing cervicogenic headache (CGH)
• Outline the clinical relevance of the cervical myodural bridge

• Recall the clinical definition of adhesive capsulitis, based on shoulder range of motion measurements.
• List 5 risk factors for adhesive capsulitis.
• Enumerate the 4 pathophysiological stages of adhesive capsulitis.
• List and define the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Provide 2 clinical findings for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• State 3 treatment guidelines for each of the 3 sub-components of the tissue-response classification system for adhesive capsulitis.
• Summarize the grades of evidence for common physical therapy interventions (i.e. therapeutic exercise, joint mobilizations, modalities and patient education) for adhesive capsulitis

• Discuss the specific pattern of contracted and weak muscles found with Pelvic Crossed Syndrome.
• Discern the effects on the spine and pelvis from the spastic and weak muscle pattern.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat weak and contracted muscles.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching and exercise.
• Determine spinal and pelvic effects of the abnormal muscular patterns found with Pelvic Crossed Syndrome and apply treatment protocol.

Hour 1

• Discuss a functional overview of the Autonomic nervous System
• Describe Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction specifically associated with neuromusculoskeletal injury
• Identify the role of the Vagus Nerve in Controlling the Inflammatory cascade with neuromusculoskeletal injury

Hour 2

• Include physical examination procedures specific to autonomic nervous system and vagus nerve dysfunction
• Perform neurological exam procedures specific to autonomic nervous system and vagus nerve dysfunction
• Perform chiropractic exam procedures specific to autonomic nervous system and vagus nerve dysfunction

Hour 3

• Describe therapeutic Protocols for musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system
• Discuss structural chiropractic treatment protocols of musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system
• Present phytonutrient protocols for musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system

Hour 1

• Discuss a functional overview of the Cerebellar dysfunction
• Describe Cerebellar Dysfunction specifically associated with neuromusculoskeletal injury
• Identify the role of the Cerebellum in balance disorders associated with neuromusculoskeletal injuries

Hour 2

• Include physical examination procedures specific to the cerebellar system
• Perform neurological exam procedures specific to the cerebellar system
• Perform chiropractic exam procedures specific to the cerebellar system

Hour 3

• Describe therapeutic Protocols for musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the cerebellum
• Discuss structural chiropractic treatment protocols of musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the cerebellum
• Present phytonutrient protocols for musculoskeletal injuries with concomitant signs associated with dysfunction of the cerebellum

• Discuss the histological features of Scoliosis
• Discern Structural vs. Functional Scoliosis and their primary causes
• Coordinate treatment protocols to cervical, thoracic and lumbopelvic spine, rib cage and scapula for Scoliosis curvature
• Utilize modalities and soft tissue treatment methods to address functional changes resulting in a Scoliosis curvature
• Advise the Scoliosis patient in effective methods of stretching and exercise

• Discuss the specific pattern of contracted and weak muscles found with Shoulder Crossed Syndrome.
• Discern the effects on the spine, upper extremity and pelvis from the spastic and weak muscle pattern.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat weak and contracted muscles.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching and exercise.
• Determine spinal, extraspinal and pelvic effects of the abnormal muscular patterns found with Shoulder Crossed Syndrome and apply treatment protocol.

• Discuss the specific pattern of fibrosis development around and within the glenohumeral joint found with Adhesive Capsulitis.
• Discern the effects of the fibrosis and adhesions on the glenohumeral joint and associated soft tissues.
• Understand the rules of treatment specific to Adhesive Capsulitis.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat fibrosis and adhesions in the soft tissue structures around and within the glenohumeral joint as well as associated contracted muscle tissue.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching, exercise and modalities.

• Describe the relationship among SLAP tears, posterior shoulder tightness and scapula dyskinesis  
• Explain how to perform the modified dynamic labral shear test and summarize the clinical usefulness of this test
• Cite the clinical prediction rule (CPR) for favorable outcome in patients undergoing conservative management for SLAP lesions
• Paraphrase the efficacy of conservative treatment for patients with SLAP disorders.
• List one indication for performing an anterior to posterior mobilization of the humerus on the glenoid (posterior shoulder mobilization) 
• Identify one appropriate intervention (specific manual technique or exercise) for phase I, phase II and phase III   SLAP rehabilitation program.

• Describe the relationship among shoulder micro-instability, scapula dyskinesis and hyperlaxity  
• Explain how to perform the surprise test and summarize the clinical usefulness of this test
• Paraphrase the efficacy of conservative treatment for patients with atraumatic shoulder instability.
• Contrast the difference between a capsule reconstruction/ shift and a capsular repair.
• Cite 2 major precautions, and corresponding time frames following an anterior capsule reconstruction or repair (during the first 12 weeks)
• Identify one appropriate intervention (exercise) for phase I, phase II and phase III   post- rehabilitation program following capsular shift / reconstruction or repair

• Compare active cervical range of motion in patients with neck pain to those with whiplash or no neck pain
• Critically appraise and synthesize recommendations of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the management of common conditions related to traffic collisions
• Investigated the possibility of posttraumatic cervical artery dissections (including those involving the vertebral artery) in patients who have sustained a whiplash injury in a motor vehicle collision
• Update findings from the Neck Pain Task Force regarding the effectiveness of manual therapies, passive physical modalities, and acupuncture for the management of whiplash and neck pain
• Determine which treatments or combinations of treatments are most effective for the management of neck pain- (NAD) and whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)

• Discuss the specific pattern of fibrosis development around and within the iliotibial band found with Iliotibial Band Syndrome at the Hip.
• Discern the effects of the fibrosis and adhesions on the iliotibial band, associated soft tissues and the functional biomechanics of the region.
• Understand the rules of treatment specific to Iliotibial Band Syndrome at the Hip.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat fibrosis and adhesions in the soft tissue structures around and within the iliofemoral joint as well as associated contracted muscle tissue.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching, exercise and modalities.

• Discuss the specific pattern of fibrosis development around and within the plantar myofascia of the foot.
• Discern the effects of the fibrosis and adhesions on the plantar fascia, associated soft tissues and the functional biomechanics of the region.
• Understand the rules of treatment specific to Plantar Fasciitis of the Foot.
• Apply modalities and manual methods to treat fibrosis and adhesions in the soft tissue structures around and within the foot and ankle joint as well as associated contracted muscle tissue.
• Rehabilitate weak and atrophied muscles using stretching, exercise and modalities.

• Justify examination of the cervico-thoracic spinal regions for dysfunction in lateral epicondylalgia patients
• Explain and identify posterolateral rotary instability (PLRI) of the elbow
• Optimize clinical assessment and diagnosis for the long head of biceps complex
• Explore the potential pathological commonalities amongst adhesive capsulitis, metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation
• Discuss current neuroanatomical and biochemical theories as they pertain to shoulder pain and its clinical management

• Assess the effectiveness of three nonsurgical interventions on symptoms, physical function, and physical activity in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Compare the effectiveness of a structured, comprehensive conservative treatment program with a focus on self-management and improved walking ability (including lumbar manipulation, exercise and education) to a self-directed program in patients with neurogenic claudication due to lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Summarize the 2013 North American Spine Society (NASS) clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Examine the literature pertaining to the diagnostic accuracy of available tests for lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Analyze the effectiveness of the 6-week Boot Camp Program for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

• Demonstrate an understanding of the epidemiology of fibromyalgia, its impact on patient health, and the clinical controversy surrounding the syndrome.
• Evaluate available treatment options and design a treatment plan for the patient with fibromyalgia.
• Evaluate the available evidence regarding chiropractic manipulation, and complementary and alternative medicine for fibromyalgia.
• Justify the role of patient self-care in the treatment of fibromyalgia.

Hour 1

• Define and apply viscerosomatic reflexes and influences.
• Define and apply somatoviscera reflexes and influences.
• Define and apply psychosomatic reflexes and influences.
• Apply autonomic reflexes to clinical conditions including somatic dysfunction.

Hour 2

• Identify the general nature of pain and its mechanisms including the physiology and psychology of pain.
• Describe the effect of somatic dysfunction on the autonomic nervous system and apply this knowledge to the use of manipulative therapy
• State the definition, location, and identification of Chapman’s points on the body.
• Express Chapman’s points in relation to the major organ systems of the body.

Hour 3

• Illustrate Chapman’s points of the cardiovascular system.
• Illustrate Chapman’s points of the respiratory system.
• Describe management of Chapman’s reflexes in a common clinical scenario.
• Critically appraise, and utilize relevant scientific literature and information to assess and improve patient care practices; and, contribute to the ongoing scholarly development of the chiropractic profession

• Enumerate five physical / clinical examination findings associated with lumbar spinal stenosis
• List 3 essential components of a rehabilitation program for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
• Recall four flexion-based exercises that are part of a rehabilitation program for a patient with lumbar spinal stenosis
• Identify three common soft tissue mobility impairments associated with lumbar spinal stenosis
• Cite two common joint mobility impairments associated with lumbar spinal stenosis
• Provide two evidence-based exercises that elicit high EMG activity of the transverse abdominis
• Enumerate three evidence-based exercises that elicit high EMG levels of the gluteus medius

• Relate the effects of posture on compression of the cervical cord and nerve roots and use this knowledge to develop decompression exercises for their cervical stenosis patients.
• Decompress the cervical spine utilizing the Cervico 2000 ambulatory traction device.
• Implement a strategy of upper extremity peripheral nerve stimulation to relieve symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis.
• Develop and institute a comprehensive cervical spinal stenosis rehabilitation protocol as a potential alternative to surgery. 

• Relate the effects of spinal stenosis in the development of intermittent claudication.
• Utilize a treadmill and a stopwatch, to quantify both the effects of stenosis on functional ability of patients and the effectiveness of treatment of spinal stenosis.
• Apply TENs over acupuncture points known to increase nerve blood supply and how to reverse the pathophysiology of lumbar spinal stenosis.
• Utilize dynamic imaging techniques, to gain a full appreciation of the changes in compression of the neural elements in different postures and spinal positions.

• Summarize the available literature and assess the effect of aerobic exercise on the number of headache days, duration and pain intensity in patients with migraine headache.
• Explore the efficacy of manual acupuncture and quantify the true placebo response in the prophylaxis of episodic migraine without aura.
• Outline the existing evidence and theories pertaining to the evolutive nature of migraine headaches for most patients.
• Assess the impact of spinal manipulation on pain and disability associated with migraine headache.
• Critically review the prevalence and patient-related factors associated with the use of manual therapy for treatment of chronic recurrent headaches.

• Investigate whether manipulations of the ankle joint complex increase the force production and muscle activation of the hip abductors on the affected limb in individuals with a history of ankle sprain
• Summarize the latest evidence pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy
• Outline the association between ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic knee valgus
• Discuss the state of the evidence pertaining to the clinical effects of joint mobilization on grades I and II ankle sprains
• Describe how manual therapy can help alleviate symptoms of Cuboid Syndrome in spite of the presence of active bony pathology

• Compare the effectiveness of multiple interventions for patellofemoral pain.
• Assess the literature on the effects of spinal or local joint manipulation or mobilization for patellofemoral pain syndrome.
• Evaluate the efficacy of knee strengthening with or without hip strengthening for improving strength and decreasing pain in patients with patellofemoral pain.
• Summarize the factors that contribute to the development of patellofemoral pain.
• Investigate the influence of exerted state running on lower extremity kinematics during the stance phase in runners with patellofemoral pain.

• Describe relevant anatomy, and the structural components of femoroacetabular impingement
• Explain factors associated with development of femoroacetabular impingement
• Discuss integration of manual therapies along with rehabilitation and lifestyle modification
• Outline what a successful treatment plan may look like for the non-surgical management of femoroacetabular impingement
• Analyze what factors my influence and necessitate modifications for treatment plans in individuals with femoroacetbular impingement syndrome

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed from Management of Common Conditions 244 through Management of Common Conditions 247

• Discuss up to date research on the etiology of PatelloFemoral Pain Syndrome
• Differentiate the diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome from other painful diagnosis of the knee
• Discuss what interventions are effective in managing patellofemoral pain syndrome
• Integrate manual techniques with rehabilitative techniques for optimal outcomes in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome
• Summarize optimal treatment strategies and plans for the treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome

Hour One:

• List three non-musculoskeletal diagnoses that can affect the hip with referred pain.
• Describe two symptoms of axial spondyloarthropathy that may mimic posterior gluteal pain
• Describe sacral insufficiency.
• List three risk factors of statin involved muscle pain.

 Hour Two:

• Describe the key features of soft tissue posterior buttock pain.
• Describe the key features of peripheral nerve related posterior buttock pain.
• List three variable in the proposed CPR for lumbar radiculopathy.
• Describe the referral pattern of thoracolumbar involvement.

 Hour Three:

• List three symptoms of a labral defect of the hip.
• List two variables for the CPR of Osteoarthritis of the hip.
• List four factors documented in the clinical presentation of Gluteal tendinopathy.
• Describe four aspects of the pathomechanics for gluteal tendinopathy

• Explain the biomechanics of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate examination of the cervical spine
• Explain the mechanism of acceleration/deceleration impact
• Describe pathological conditions of the cervical spine
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the cervical spine

• Explore the societal burden of headaches
• Rank the prevalence of common headache types
• Give examples of common lifestyle contributors to headache syndromes
• Recognize the difference between primary and secondary headaches
• Review clinical characteristics of common headache types
• Differentiate cervicogenic headache from occipital neuralgia
• Contrast trigeminal neuralgia and idiopathic facial pain
• Summarize relevant clinical history questions for headache patients
• Recognize red flags specific to headache patients
• Define ‘dizziness’, ‘vertigo’ and other related terms
• Review common differential diagnoses and assessment strategies for the dizzy or vertiginous patient
• Utilize a TiTrATE approach to differentially diagnose and/or classify dizzy patients
• Breakdown our contemporary understanding of cervicogenic dizziness
• Summarize current diagnostic criteria for cervicogenic dizziness
• Outline various physical examination procedures for evaluating cervical sensorimotor function
• Define and outline the defining features of sports-related concussion
• Outline the ‘neuro-metabolic cascade’ in concussion injuries
• Summarize known risk factors for concussion
• Contrast on-field versus in-clinic evaluation of concussion
• Explore various clinical tools for evaluating concussion (ex. SCAT5, CRT, VOMS)
• Identify and categorize common concussion symptoms
• Recognize risk factors for prolonged recovery from concussion
• Explore short- and long-term consequences of concussion
• Summarize contemporary concussion management considerations for chiropractors
• Appraise the reasons for concern relating to neck manipulation and stroke
• Classify cervical artery strokes
• Explore the epidemiology of cervical artery strokes
• Summarize best-evidence relating to the association between spinal manipulation and cervical artery stroke
• Outline relevant challenges and other factors relating to researching the relationship between neck manipulation and cervical artery stroke
• Define protopathic bias and how it relates to stroke and neck manipulation
• Critique potential mechanisms of injury relating to cervical manipulation and the cervical arteries
• Integrate best practices into your clinical approach for ruling our emergent stroke in neck pain and headache patients
• Review the HINTS examination as a mechanism to differentially diagnose acute vestibular syndrome
• Review the evidence on the appropriateness and efficacy of manual therapy for treating headaches
• Explore the literature pertaining to the complex interplay between cervical spine function and dizziness, persistent post-concussion symptoms, neck pain and headache
• Critique the literature pertaining to the management of cervicogenic dizziness
• Summarize existing evidence regarding the chiropractic management of concussion

• Explain the biomechanics of the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Administer thorough examination of the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Differentially diagnose the pathological conditions of the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Perform soft tissue treatments for the elbow, wrist and hand.
• Apply functional relationships of the elbow, wrist and hand to associated regions for thorough evaluation and treatment.

• Explain the biomechanics of the thoracic spine and ribs 
• Describe the examination of the thoracic spine and ribs 
• Describe the pathological conditions of the thoracic spine and ribs 
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the thoracic spine and ribs 
• Define functional relationships of the thoracic spine and ribs with associated regions

• Investigate the association between brain age and chronic low back pain duration and pain severity 
• Compare Medicare expenditures over time in older adults with chronic low back pain who initially receive opioid analgesic therapy versus spinal manipulation 
• Recognize the impact of spinal manipulation on escalation of care and risk of adverse drug events among older Medicare patients with chronic low back pain 
• Summarize existing clinical practice guidelines on fall prevention and management for older adults 
• Outline the neuroinflammatory contribution to the development of tissue damage and joint-related pain in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

• Discuss relevant anatomy associated with specific injuries to climbers
• Summarize common climbing movements and grip types
• Apply knowledge of relevant anatomy, movement, and grip types in discussing etiology of climbing injuries
• Differentiate common presentations of injuries in rock climbers
• Determine which presentations and etiologies require further interventions such as imaging, surgical consult etc..
• Briefly describe active management strategies and treatment plans for rock climbing injuries

• Summarize the recent NASS clinical guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain 
• Assess the literature to determine which mode(s) of exercise is/are best for treating chronic low back pain 
• Discuss the comparative effectiveness of currently available treatments for acute and subacute mechanical non-specific low back pain 
• Explore how clinicians can optimally facilitate self-management in patients with back pain 
• Evaluate the effectiveness of Foot Levelers shoe orthotics with and without chiropractic treatment for chronic low back pain as compared with no treatment

• Explain current best practices for the diagnosis and management of Achilles tendinopathy 
• Synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials to determine the clinical effectiveness of shockwave therapy, either as a monotherapy or part of a multimodal package of care for chronic mid- and insertional-Achilles tendinopathy 
• Appraise an international, multi-disciplinary consensus statement on return to sport decisions after lateral ankle injuries 
• Outline best practices in the management of plantar heel pain based on the latest evidence 
• Establish the effectiveness of the Nordic Hamstring Exercise for preventing hamstring injuries in athletes

• Explain the biomechanics of the lumbopelvic spine
• Describe the examination of the lumbopelvic spine
• Explain the mechanism of scoliosis
• Describe the pathological conditions of the lumbopelvic spine
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the lumbopelvic spine  

• Explain the biomechanics of the TMJ
• Describe the examination of the TMJ
• Describe the pathological conditions of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the TMJ
• Define functional relationships of the TMJ with associated regions

• Explain the biomechanics of the TMJ
• Describe the examination of the TMJ
• Describe the pathological conditions of the TMJ
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the TMJ
• Define functional relationships of the TMJ with associated regions

• Explain injury and healing of soft tissues
• Perform somatic technique and strain/counterstrain
• Utilize friction massage and post isometric relaxation
• Perform active release and myofascial release
• Apply trigger point ultrasound, exercise, stretching and manipulation

Introduction

• Distinguish the anatomical structures involved in TMJ dysfunction, including the temporomandibular joint, mandible, and associated muscles and the different types of jaw movements and their biomechanical implications.
• Interpret the normal biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint during various jaw movements.
• Identify the key ligaments and soft tissues supporting the temporomandibular joint and the factors that can lead to abnormal biomechanics and dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint.
• Explain the role of muscle imbalances and joint misalignments in TMJ dysfunction.
• Differentiate the relationship between the temporomandibular joint and adjacent anatomical structures.

Examination

• Appraise the various assessment tools used in evaluating TMJ dysfunction, such as patient history, physical examination, and imaging studies.
• Arrange a comprehensive physical examination of the temporomandibular joint, including range of motion assessment, palpation, loading, stressing, and compressing.
• Demonstrate the ability to perform a comprehensive evaluation of TMJ dysfunction and posture, including assessing range of motion, muscle strength, joint stability, and postural alignment.
• Discriminate the indications of differential diagnoses for TMJ dysfunction.
• Analyze the findings from a TMJ dysfunction and posture assessment to formulate an accurate clinical diagnosis.

Mobilization and Adjusting

• Develop a holistic approach to managing TMJ dysfunction, considering both conservative and interventional treatment options.
• Apply specific chiropractic techniques and adjustments aimed at restoring normal joint alignment and function of the temporomandibular joint and about occlusal splints and their use in managing TMJ dysfunction.
• Propose a role of therapeutic exercises and stretching in improving jaw mobility and strengthening supporting muscles and the importance of patient education and lifestyle modifications in the management of TMJ dysfunction.
• Develop a treatment plan for patients with TMJ dysfunction and posture issues, incorporating therapeutic exercises, manual therapy techniques, postural re-education, and other appropriate interventions.
• Evaluate the efficacy of potential benefits and risks associated with various treatment modalities for TMJ dysfunction and posture problems, considering evidence-based practices and patient-specific factors

• Explain the biomechanics of the ankle and foot.
• Administer thorough examination of the ankle and foot.
• Differentially diagnose the pathological conditions of the ankle and foot.
• Perform soft tissue treatments for the ankle and foot.
• Apply functional relationships of the ankle and foot to associated regions for thorough evaluation and treatment.

• Compare headache criteria and classifications from the World Health Organization, International Headache Society and Cleveland Clinic for chronic, acute and traumatic headaches. 
• Explain primary and secondary headaches for patient comprehension and communication of their condition with other healthcare practitioners. 
• Devise appropriate history, examination and treatment protocols for your adult and child headache patient.
• Utilize Headache categories and criteria to accurately diagnose your patient’s condition for migraines, cluster headaches, tension headaches, medication induced headaches, traumatic headaches and more. 
• Determine headache sequela that may be emergencies for adult and youth headache sufferers.

• Explain the biomechanics of the shoulder
• Describe the examination of the shoulder
• Describe the pathological conditions of the shoulder
• Demonstrate soft tissue treatments for pathological conditions of the shoulder
• Define functional relationships of the shoulder with associated regions 

• Interpret cranial bone, suture and meninges anatomy applicable to the practice of Craniopathy treatment.
• Relate the principles of Craniopathy and cranial faults to their effect on the brain regarding headaches and other conditions.
• Assess the temporomandibular joint, cranial faults and the cervical spine as they interrelate for effective headache treatment protocols.
• Examine cranial bones and sutures using Applied Kinesiology.
• Apply treatment protocols using Craniopathy for cranial bones and sutures, and manipulative therapeutics and manual methods for treating the TMJ and cervical spine.

Hour 1:

• Describe the tensegrity model as it relates to biomechanics from a cellular to organism level.
• Define fascia, including anatomical lines and physical properties.
• Describe the Dural Fascial Kinetic Chain and its relationship to Adverse Mechanical Tension (AMT) on the spine and CNS.
• Describe the clinical relevance of biotensegrity, and how to apply these updated architectural and biomechanical principles to the delivery of chiropractic adjustments.

Hour 2:

• Explain the impact of chronic stress
• Recognize common signs and symptoms of sympatheticotonia during initial patient presentation.
• Outline the diagnostic process for sympatheticotonia, including both testing and interpretation.
• Summarize clinical considerations for the patient with sympatheticotonia.

Hour 3:

• Recognize and describe the common signs and symptoms of imbalance during initial patient presentation.
• Outline and demonstrate testing procedures for imbalance.
• Describe clinical interpretation of test results for imbalance.
• Make referral for imbalance when appropriate.

Hour 4:

• Describe statistical incidence and association with head and neck trauma
• Be able to recognize in clinical practice the common signs and symptoms of head and neck trauma
• Outline the diagnostic process for head and neck trauma, including both testing and interpretation.
• Summarize clinical considerations for the patient with head and neck trauma

• This contains all courses with the educational objectives listed for NeuroFascial Integration 201 - 203

Hour 1:

• Describe layered components of restrictions including updated osseous, muscular, and fascial relational anatomy.
• Describe how to palpate muscle tension versus fascial adhesion versus fascial tension lines.
• Differentiate between osseous restriction, muscular tension, and fascial restriction as they relate to spinal motion restriction.
• Use palpatory findings to select technique application for adjustments that last longer by addressing mechanical root cause and encourage parasympathetic dominance at rest.

Hour 2:

• Describe the difference between static misalignments and dynamic spinal restrictions (joints incapable of full range of motion).
• Differentiate with palpation both static and dynamic spinal restrictions.
• Describe neurological information gathered from palpation, including dysesthesia, hyperesthesia, reactive erythema, temperature differentials, and other signs.
• Palpate the patient with chronic pain, trauma history, and/or sympatheticotonia without triggering sympathetic bracing.

Hour 3:

• Describe the Oxford Grading Scale for manual muscle testing.
• Describe interpretation of manual muscle testing findings, including differentials for clinical significance of findings other than normal.
• Demonstrate manual muscle testing of major postural muscles.
• Apply manual muscle testing as pre- and post-clinical intervention measures during adjustment visits and to track change during review examination.

Hour 4:

• Describe the relevance of clinical history as it relates to chronic stress and trauma.
• List specific questions to assess for sympatheticotonia.
• List specific questions to assess for indications of head and neck trauma
• Determine appropriate individualized examination procedures based on history answers.

Hour 1:

• List the relevant indications to assess using cross-crawl patterning.
• Describe testing procedures to determine specific cross-crawl pattern issues
• Describe testing procedures to assess for signs of sympatheticotonia.
• Describe testing procedures to assess for signs of imbalance.

Hour 2:

• Perform seated functional range of motion testing with segmental and curve analysis.
• Perform standing functional range of motion testing with segmental and curve analysis.
• Describe fascial considerations to modify common orthopedic tests (including straight leg raise, supine apparent arm length inequality, bilateral prone knee flexion, and soto hall).
• List the orthopedic exam procedures specifically relevant to Fascial Kinetic Chain tension.

Hour 3:

• Describe clinical considerations in terms of safety of providing care (knowing when to adjust and when NOT to adjust).
• Define what is “primary” (including considerations of “cause” as well as “least stressful point of access” to determine what to adjust or otherwise apply therapeutic input).
• Recognize patterns of and describe gestalt clinical interpretation for sympatheticotonia.
• Recognize patterns of and describe gestalt clinical interpretation for adverse mechanical tension in the Fascial Kinetic Chain
• Describe patterns of peripheral nerve interference found through synthesis of clinical history and exam procedures.

Hour 4:

• Summarize the concept of an initial Therapeutic Trial of care, including reasoning behind it and how to complete this extension of initial assessment in order to customize patient care.
• Describe considerations for technique selection (including where to start, how intensely to adjust, and how to adjust).
• Explain reasoning behind initial frequency of care, and how/when/why to modify this frequency.
• Describe the considerations for projecting response to care and prognosis.
• Summarize guidelines for patient home care recommendations, including considerations for movement and rest, ergonomics, nutrition, and referrals when appropriate.

• Discuss briefly the relevant brain anatomy and functional neurology with focus on the frontal lobe and motor cortex.
• Describe the anatomy and physiology of the human brain cortex as it relates to the basic tenants of chiropractic and to spinal subluxation.
• Identify key anatomical components of the frontal lobe and motor cortex.
• Discuss some of the pioneers in neuroscience underscoring their individual contributions.
• Draw basic neurological pathways associated with the frontal lobe and motor cortex.
• Relate function of the frontal lobe and motor cortex to various associated disease conditions.

• NOTE:  Recommended to take after Neuro 201-intro and prior to Neuro 201a

• This allows you to purchase all 12 hours of 201 level courses. Please see the educational objectives listed for each individual 201 module

• Explore current role of the art and science of clinical neurology for the chiropractor
• Discuss briefly the relevant neurological anatomy and functional neurology
• Describe in detail the anatomy and function of the components of the human skull with attention to aspects which may be important to the chiropractic physician
• Explore the current role of clinical neurology for the practicing chiropractor
• Describe in detail the anatomy and function of the components of the human spine with attention to aspects which may be important to the chiropractic physician

• NOTE:  Recommended to take as first course in 201 series

• Explore current role of the art and science of clinical neurology for the chiropractor
• Discuss relevant neurological anatomy of the central nervous system, exclusive of the cortex
• Summarize relevant functional neurology of the central nervous system exclusive of the cortex
• Illustrate the clinical presentation resulting from disease of the various brain and cord areas
• Outline various categories for spinal cord lesions
• Organize findings of central nervous system disease by anatomical location and clinical presentation

• NOTE:  Recommended to have taken Neuro 201-intro and Neuro 201 prior to taking this class

• Observe a doctor patient encounter where the patient is a paraplegic
• Explore the relevant issues and action protocols involved in acute spinal cord disease
• Evaluate relevant clinical findings
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis
• Summarize relevant functional neurology of the spinal cord

• Explore current role of the art and science of clinical neurology for the chiropractor
• Discuss relevant neurological anatomy of the spinal cord
• Summarize relevant functional neurology of the spinal cord
• Illustrate the clinical presentation resulting from disease of the various cord areas
• Outline various categories for spinal cord lesions
• Organize findings of spinal cord disease by anatomical location and clinical presentation

• Discuss relevant neurological anatomy and function of the meninges
• Discuss relevant neurological anatomy and function of the arterial and venous CNS circulation
• Discuss relevant neurological anatomy and function of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation
• Illustrate the clinical presentation resulting from disease of the various areas
• Outline various categories for vascular CNS lesions
• Utilize a Grand Rounds type case presentation

• Properly record a chief complaint
• Demonstrate skills to properly perform a patient interview
• Perform a neurological examination of the head and neck
• Perform a mental status examination
• Cite anatomy and function of the cranial nerves
• Examine the twelve cranial nerves during a clinical examination
• Discuss disorders of cranial nerves
• Discuss, in detail, aspects of neural ischemia and Cervical Spinal Manipulation
• Overview cerebrovascular anatomy and hemodynamics
• Describe pathophyiological mechanisms in vascular injuries
• Clinically test a patient to evaluate predisposition
• Recognize postadjustment vertebrobasilar insufficiency and review case studies

• NOTE: This course is the same content as Neurological Exam 101, 102 and Neurology 107

• This allows you to purchase all 26 hours of 202 level courses. Please see the educational objectives listed for each individual 202 module

• Observe a doctor patient encounter where the patient is a young female with a primary complaint of a balance problem
• Improve the history taking process in an actual clinical setting
• Develop improved patient examination techniques
• Evaluate relevant clinical findings
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis
• Organize findings during the examination and explore for relevancy as applied to diagnosis of the presenting complaint

• Observe a doctor patient encounter where the patient is a middle aged female with a primary complaint of upper extremity paralysis.
• Improve the history taking process in an actual clinical setting
• Develop improved patient examination techniques
• Evaluate relevant clinical findings
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis
• Organize findings during the examination and explore for relevancy as applied to diagnosis of the presenting complaint.

• Observe a doctor patient encounter where the patient is a young female with a generalized headache without any specific area of pain
• Improve the history taking process in an actual clinical setting
• Develop improved patient examination techniques
• Evaluate relevant clinical findings
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis
• Organize findings during the examination and explore for relevancy as applied to diagnosis of the presenting complaint

• Observe a doctor patient encounter where the patient is a young female with a primary complaint of tremor
• Explore the history taking process in an actual clinical setting
• Observe patient examination techniques
• Summarize relevant clinical findings
• Illustrate the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis
• Organize findings during the examination and explore for relevancy as applied to diagnosis of the presenting complaint

• Observe a doctor sort through a difficult history in a patient encounter where the patient is a female with multiple and unusual complaints
• Explore the history taking process in an actual clinical setting
• Observe patient examination techniques
• Summarize relevant clinical findings
• Illustrate the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis
• Organize findings during the examination and explore for relevancy as applied to diagnosis of the presenting complaint

• Explore basic principles of the patient interview
• Discuss briefly the relevance of maintaining good history taking procedures
• Describe in detail the benefits of history questionnaires
• Explore different types of patient historians and as strategy for dealing with each type
• Describe specific area constituting a complete patient interview

• Explore basic principles of the mental status examination
• Discuss briefly the relevance of maintaining good history taking procedures
• Describe in detail the need for a mental status assessment
• Explore different techniques and a strategy for dealing with mental status problems
• Demonstrate specific methods of implementing the Mini-Mental State Examination.

• Explore basic principles of the physical examination of the face, head and neck
• Discuss briefly the relevance the physical examination prior to the neurologic examination
• Describe in detail rational and procedure for observation, auscultation, palpation and percussion
• Visualize patient problems and deformities that might go un-noticed by a casual observer
• Demonstrate specific methods of implementing a brief orthopedic examination of the cervical spine.

• Define specific terminology including organic disease, non-organic disease, functional disease, somatoform disease, malingering and others
• Discuss the distinction between somatoform disorders (hysteria) and malingering
• Describe patient presentations and examination techniques which are useful in somatoform disorders of the special senses
• Elaborate on the somatic manifestations of somatoform disease in motor and sensory presentations
• Explore caveats of diagnosing somatoform disorders
• Discuss completely the performance and usefulness of in office "credibility" tests used to unveil non-organic disorders
• Define and describe aspects of the malingering patient

• Describe the reasons for using an ophthalmoscope in the clinical bedside examination
• Define and contrast the Pan-Optic ophthalmoscope from the common ophthalmoscopes
• Discuss common settings and features of the ophthalmoscope
• Define methods of describing findings in the fundus of the eye\
• Identify and define common systemic and local pathologic processes that may be encountered in the course of the ophthalmoscopic examination.

• Outline methods used and estimations as to the incidence of cervical spinal manipulative therapy and subsequent vertebrobasilar ischemia
• Review and describe cerebrovascular anatomy and hemodynamics
• Discuss proposed patho-physiological mechanisms believed responsible for subsequent vertebrobasilar ischemia
• Review and discuss past and present scientific literature to explore the evolution of what we think we know about the process of cervical spinal manipulative therapy and subsequent vertebrobasilar ischemia
• Explore issues and examination procedures related to patient assessment as well as vertebrobasilar ischemia recognition and proper diagnosis
• Define and contrast currently suggested procedures  and develop a vertebrobasilar ischemia plan of action
• Explore various perspectives and reveal bias in both public media and biomedical journals
• Identify and define new theoretical concepts and prophylactic therapies

• Perform and chart a neurological examination of the voluntary motor system and the somatic sensory system
• Apply results of the examination findings in the differential diagnosis of patients
• Describe the three neuron pathway involved with sensorineural innervation
• Discuss multimodal sensations
• Perform an appropriate examination of the reflexes, including deep tendon, superficial, visceral and pathological reflexes
• Describe the anatomy associated with reflexes
• Properly grade and record reflexes
• Interpret the Results of Reflex Testing

• NOTE: This course is the same content as Neurological Exam 103, 104

• Observe doctor patient encounters that focus on aspects of the complete neurological examination
• Explore the history taking process in an actual clinical setting
• Observe patient examination techniques
• Identify the key components of a complete neurologic examination
• Review major aspects of the examination under each component of the clinical neurologic examination
• Observe doctor patient encounters that focus on evaluation of the mental status of the patient.  

• Observe doctor patient encounters that focus on evaluation of the patient's complaint
• Observe doctor patient encounters that focus on aspects of the complete neurological examination
• Explore the history taking process in an actual clinical setting
• Observe patient examination techniques
• Identify the key components of a complete neurologic examination
• Review major aspects of the examination under each component of the clinical neurologic examination

• Observe doctor patient encounters that focus on evaluation of the patient's complaint
• Observe doctor patient encounters that focus on aspects of the complete neurological examination
• Explore the history making process in an actual clinical setting
• Observe patient examination techniques
• Identify the key components of a neurologic examination of diplopia
• Review information regarding evaluation of diplopia.

• This allows you to purchase all 22 hours of 203 level courses. Please see the educational objectives listed for each individual 203 module

• Identify the components of the neurological examination
• Demonstrate a basic examination flow and performing tests taking the patient from sitting to standing, to the supine and prone positions
• Outline "Ferezy's MSR's" which is a pneumonic devise to help recall areas needing to be tested
• Summarize implications of neurological findings for lesions in various parts of the central nervous system
• Summarize implications of neurological findings for lesions in various parts of the peripheral nervous system.

• Outline the clinical anatomy of each of the cranial nerves and their origin from the diencephalon and brainstem
• Summarize clinical function of the corticobulbar pathways
• Relate information regarding the ocular system, including upper motor neuron, internuclear and lower motor neuron pathways
• Distinguish between central and peripheral lesions involving cranial nerve function
• Predict the location of lesions in the visual system by analyzing information from the clinical examination
• Identify cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem and discuss their function
• Describe the clinical function of each of the cranial nerves
• Describe and demonstrate the clinical bedside examination of each cranial nerve
• Compare and contrast the effects of lesions involving voluntary, involuntary and emotional movements associated with the cranial nerves
• Discuss the various common clinical disorders which affect the cranial nerves
• Discuss common ophthalmoscopic findings, both normal and pathological, which may be observed on the ophthalmoscopic examination
• Identify anatomical and functional relationships which help explain multiple chiropractic concepts, including that of cervicogenic headache
• Differentiate between central and peripheral varieties of facial paralysis
• Break down the various tuning fork tests of hearing
• Differentiate between neuro-sensory and conductive hearing loss

• Describe the procedure for blind spot measurement by manual perimetry
• Contrast blind spot measurement by manual perimetry with automated perimetry
• Distinguish adequate test retest reliability, for both intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability
• Recognize concepts of adequate test validity
• Identify relevant aspects of visual neuroanatomy and neuro-circuitry
• Review and assess various contentions elaborated in the paper "Changes in Brain Function after Manipulation of the Cervical Spine”

• Identify the basic anatomical pathways of central nervous system control mechanisms involved in voluntary movement of the body
• Identify the basic anatomical pathways of peripheral nervous system and neuromuscular control mechanisms involved in voluntary movement of the body
• Describe the evaluation of strength and the functional roles of muscles
• Discuss the categorizations and terminology used describing the various varieties of muscular contraction
• Review and assess concepts and skills necessary to perform an accurate bedside examination of the voluntary motor system
• View and identify patient video vignettes demonstrating lecture points
• Recognize examination procedures and signs to distinguish primary muscular disease (myopathy)
• Define and categorize involuntary movements
• Compare and contrast pathological from non-pathological involuntary movements

• Define and categorize types of patient reflexes commonly tested at the bedside examination
• Identify the basic anatomical pathways of central nervous system control mechanisms involved in the various reflexes that can be tested in the body
• Identify the basic anatomical pathways of peripheral nervous system control mechanisms involved in the various reflexes that can be tested in the body
• Describe the evaluation of the four basic types of testable reflexes
• Review and assess concepts and skills necessary to perform an accurate bedside examination of the reflex system
• View and identify patient video vignettes demonstrating lecture points
• Compare and contrast pathological from non-pathological reflex findings

• This allows you to purchase all 24 hours of 204 level courses.  Please see the educational objectives listed for each individual 204 course

• Define and categorize types of patient sensation commonly tested at the bedside examination
• Identify the basic anatomical pathways of central nervous system control mechanisms involved in the various sensory systems that can be tested in the body
• Identify the basic anatomical pathways of peripheral and central nervous system control mechanisms involved in the various sensations that can be tested in the body
• Describe the evaluation of both superficial and deep sensory systems
• Review and assess concepts and skills necessary to perform an accurate bedside examination of the sensory system
• View and identify patient video vignettes demonstrating lecture points
• Compare and contrast pathological from non-pathological sensory findings

• Define the terms station, movement and gait
• Define and categorize types of motor systems utilized by the patient and how these are commonly tested at the bedside examination
• Identify the basic anatomical pathways of central and peripheral nervous system movement control of mechanisms involved in the various movement systems that can be tested in the body
• Describe in detail the evaluation of station, movement and gait
• Describe and demonstrate the phases of normal gait 
• Visualize normal and abnormal gait patterns
• Review and assess concepts and skills necessary to perform an accurate bedside examination of the station, movement and gait systems
• View and identify patient video vignettes demonstrating station, movement and gait lecture points
• Compare and contrast pathological from non-pathological station, movement and gait findings

• Define the terms communication, language, and a wide variety of descriptive terms for cortical language and knowledge impairments
• Review the functions classically associated with the cerebral cortex
• Categorize cortical deficits and associated patient conditions
• Identify neurological pathways used by the cerebral cortex
• Describe in detail concepts of lateralization of brain function and hemisphere "dominance" or "hemisphericity"
• Describe and demonstrate a schema to maintain a methodical approach to the patient with a communication disorder
• Visualize a patient with a "split brain disorder"
• Review and assess concepts and skills necessary to perform an examination of a patient with a communication disorder
• Compare and contrast loss of neurologic function at the level of the primary modality to disorders of the primary cortical receptive area as well as in the association cortex

• Define terms relevant to comprehending and performing various nervous system tests not typically a part of the motor, sensory and reflex examinations.
• Review various ancillary tests, including the purpose behind the test as well as test performance.
• Categorize ancillary neurological tests and explain their use and purpose.
• Identify, describe and discuss meningeal stretch tests.
• Identify, describe and discuss neurodynamic tests.
• Identify, describe and discuss nerve tension tests.
• Identify, describe and discuss peripheral nerve palpation and Tinel's sign.
• Identify, describe and discuss Dix-Hallpike test.
• Identify, describe and discuss pressure algometry and introduce the instruments to perform this test.
• Identify, describe and discuss sensory threshold testing and introduce the instruments to perform these tests.
• Discuss the nature and performance of tests used to diagnose defects in function of the neurovascular bundle in the upper and lower extremities (Thoracic Outlet Syndrome).
• Identify, describe and discuss use of the stethoscope and points to auscultate in the head and neck area

• Perform an examination of the systems involved with Movement and Coordination
• Discuss cerebellar anatomy
• Differentially Diagnose by applying clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction
• Recognize cerebellar syndromes by their anatomical areas
• Apply specific principles of examination to improve the Chiropractic Spinal Examination
• Describe specific procedures of the spinal examination

• NOTE:  This course contains the same content as Neurological Exam 105

• Define terms relevant to comprehending and performing various aspects of the mental status examination.
• Categorize the components of the mental status examination.
• Identify, define and discuss dementia and Disease of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT).
• Identify, define and discuss the five levels of consciousness.
• Define and discuss the components of the mental status examination.
• Compare and contrast dementia and depression.
• Discuss and describe methods of charting mental status examination findings.

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting with an acute onset of headache and facial paralysis
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with an acute onset of headache and facial paralysis
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with an acute onset of headache and facial paralysis
• Differentially diagnose patients with acute onset of headache and facial paralysis

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting with an acute onset of post traumatic headache
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with an acute onset of post traumatic headache
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with an acute onset of post traumatic headache
• Differentially diagnose patients with acute onset of post traumatic headache

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting with an acute onset of post traumatic neck pain and unusual “burping” upon neck manipulation
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with an acute onset of post traumatic neck pain and unusual “burping” upon neck manipulation
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with an acute onset of post traumatic neck pain and unusual “burping” upon neck manipulation
• Differentially diagnose patients with acute onset of post traumatic neck pain and unusual “burping” upon neck manipulation

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting with a shoulder complaint
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with a shoulder complaint
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with a shoulder complaint
• Differentially diagnose patients with a shoulder complaint

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting with a sudden onset of dizziness, sensory complaints and ataxia
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with a sudden onset of dizziness, sensory complaints and ataxia
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with a sudden onset of dizziness, sensory complaints and ataxia
• Differentially diagnose patients with a sudden onset of dizziness, sensory complaints and ataxia

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting with shoulder and arm pain.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with shoulder and arm pain.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings in a patient with shoulder and arm pain.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with shoulder and arm pain.
• Differentially diagnose patients with shoulder and arm pain.

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting with a brachial plexus injury, severe arm pain and a “flail” upper extremity.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with a brachial plexus injury, severe arm pain and a “flail” upper extremity.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings in a patient with a brachial plexus injury, severe arm pain and a “flail” upper extremity.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with a brachial plexus injury, severe arm pain and a “flail” upper extremity.
• Differentially diagnose patients with a brachial plexus injury, severe arm pain and a “flail” upper extremity.

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting with a tremor of the left upper extremity.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with a tremor of the left upper extremity.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings in a patient with a tremor of the left upper extremity.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with a brachial plexus injury, severe arm pain and a tremor of the left upper extremity.
• Differentially diagnose patients with a tremor of the left upper extremity.

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting with chronic spasm of the muscles of the lower face and tongue.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with a oromandibular dystonia.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings in a patient with oromandibular dystonia.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient oromandibular dystonia.
• Differentially diagnose patients with oromandibular dystonia.

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting following treatment for a malignant nerve sheath tumor involving the L4 nerve root.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with a malignant nerve sheath tumor involving the L4 nerve root.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings in a patient with a malignant nerve sheath tumor involving the L4 nerve root.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with a malignant nerve sheath tumor involving the L4 nerve root.
• Consider the differential diagnosis of patients with a malignant nerve sheath tumor involving the L4 nerve root.

• Evaluate an unrehearsed real doctor/patient encounter of a patient presenting carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and chronic neck pain.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and chronic neck pain.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings in a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and chronic neck pain.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and chronic neck pain.
• Consider the differential diagnosis of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and chronic neck pain.
• Comprehend the principle of ongoing, medically necessary chiropractic treatment of a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and chronic neck pain.

• Evaluate two unrehearsed, real doctor/patient encounter; the first of a patient presenting with simultaneous radiculopathy, polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy and the second of a patient presenting with migraine headache and related trigeminal neuralgia.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of patient’s presenting with radiculopathy, polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy, migraine headache and trigeminal neuralgia.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings of patient’s presenting with radiculopathy, polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy, migraine headache and trigeminal neuralgia.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of patient’s presenting with radiculopathy, polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy, migraine headache and trigeminal neuralgia.
• Consider the differential diagnoses of patient’s presenting with radiculopathy, polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy, migraine headache and trigeminal neuralgia.

• Evaluate an unrehearsed, real doctor/patient encounter involving an elderly women presenting with a sudden onset of lower extremity paralysis.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of a patient presenting with a sudden onset of lower extremity paralysis.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings of patient’s presenting with a sudden onset of lower extremity paralysis.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of patient’s presenting with a sudden onset of lower extremity paralysis.
• Consider the differential diagnoses of presenting with a sudden onset of lower extremity paralysis.

• Evaluate two unrehearsed, real doctor/patient encounters; the first case is that of an adult male patient with multiple sclerosis.  The second case is that of an adult male with cerebral palsy.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing an examination of patient’s presenting with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings of patient’s presenting with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of patient’s presenting multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy.
• Consider the differential diagnoses of patient’s presenting with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy.

• This allows you to purchase all 24 hours of 205 level courses.  Please see the educational objectives listed for each individual 205 course

• List the electrodes necessary to perform in Electrodiagnosis nerve conduction study
• Describe the placement of the various electrodes in conduction studies of the median nerve at the wrist
• Draw a simple diagram of the carpal tunnel, defining the boundaries
• Itemize parts of a thorough chiropractic management plan for carpal tunnel syndrome

• List the differential diagnoses that may accompany various symptoms
• Describe various essential elements of the history taking process
• List several components of the mini mental status examination
• Itemize and describe several tests of cerebellar function
• Contrast and compare aspects of malingering and somatoform disorders
• Use proper language and nomenclature when producing a report for referring physicians
• Recognize aspects of functional illness

• Evaluate an unrehearsed, real doctor/patient encounter; regarding a case of an adult female patient who complains of lower back pain; pain radiating down her left lower extremity to her heel; weakness in her thighs; and unsteadiness.
• Develop improved skills in obtaining an accurate case history and performing a neurological examination of patient’s presenting with pain, weakness and unsteadiness.
• Improve interpretation of relevant clinical findings of patient presenting with pain, weakness and unsteadiness.
• List the clinical presentations of various complaints and the approach to diagnosis of patient’s presenting with pain, weakness and unsteadiness.
• Consider the differential diagnoses of patient’s presenting with pain, weakness and unsteadiness.